Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin (P/S) were purchased from Hyclone Laboratories Inc. (Logan, UT, USA). Horse serum was purchased from Gibco Industries Inc. (Auckland, NZ). MTT, 6-OHDA, collagen, Griess reagent, corticosterone, 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thioflavin T (ThT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Aβ1–42 peptide was purchased from American Peptide (Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulphonic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a substrate in colorimetric assays, commonly employed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and other biochemical analyses.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
α amylase, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ferrozine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 4 6 tris 2 pyridyl s triazine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Myricetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α glucosidase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acarbose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α tocopherol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
28 protocols using 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulphonic acid
1
Biochemicals and Cell Culture Reagents
2
Antioxidant Compounds Analysis in Fu Brick Tea
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Fu brick tea (Camellia sinensis L.) was obtained from a dark tea factory in Yiyang city, Hunan province, China. The glutinous rice (Oryza sativa var.) was bought from a local supermarket.
The compounds 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferrozine, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 1,10-phenanthroline, and pUC18 plasmid DNA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The standards: gallic acid (GA), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), theobromine (Tb), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DbA), theophylline (Tp), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Dbd), caffeine, catechin (C), caffeic acid (CA), (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) were purchased from Yuan-ye Biotech Co. (Shanghai, China). LC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and all other chemicals were analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China).
The compounds 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferrozine, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 1,10-phenanthroline, and pUC18 plasmid DNA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The standards: gallic acid (GA), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), theobromine (Tb), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DbA), theophylline (Tp), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Dbd), caffeine, catechin (C), caffeic acid (CA), (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) were purchased from Yuan-ye Biotech Co. (Shanghai, China). LC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and all other chemicals were analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China).
3
Bioactive Compounds Extraction from Hovenia dulcis
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The ripe and fresh peduncles of Hovenia dulcis were obtained in November of 2018 in AnKang City, Shaanxi Province, China. According to the previous study [6 (link)], the optimal drying process (microwave drying at 600 W) was used to dry the sample, and the dried sample was ground to pass through a 60 mesh sieve, and stored at −20 °C.
Acarbose, 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), α-glucosidase (10 U/mg), α-amylase (1000 U/mg), soluble starch, pectinase (1.15 U/mg), cellulase (800 U/g), rutin, myricetin, gallocatechin, quercetin, kaempferol, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), vitamin C (Vc), 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Heat stable α-amylase (40 U/mg) and glucoamylase (100 U/mg) were obtained from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Other chemicals utilized were of analytical grade.
Acarbose, 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), α-glucosidase (10 U/mg), α-amylase (1000 U/mg), soluble starch, pectinase (1.15 U/mg), cellulase (800 U/g), rutin, myricetin, gallocatechin, quercetin, kaempferol, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), vitamin C (Vc), 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Heat stable α-amylase (40 U/mg) and glucoamylase (100 U/mg) were obtained from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Other chemicals utilized were of analytical grade.
4
Antioxidant Potential of L. japonica Rhizoid
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Rhizoid of L. japonica was obtained from a local market (Yeosu, Korea) and stored at −20°C until use. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), peroxidase, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS), 2′,7′-di-chlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). For enzyme-assisted extraction, carbohydrases [Amyloglucosidase 300 LTM (AMG): 260 U/mL, Celluclast® 1.5 L FG: 700 U/g, Dextrozyme, Promozyme: 400 pullulanase unit Novo/mL, and Viscozyme L: 100 fungal β-glucanase unit/mL], and proteases (Alcalase 2.4 L FG: 2.4 U/g, Flavourzyme 500 MG: 500 U/g, Neutrase 0.8 L: 0.8 U/g, and Protamex: 1.5 U/g) were purchased from Novozyme (Bagsværd, Denmark). Pepsin (1:10,000 U) was purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All other chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade.
5
Antioxidant Assay Protocol with AAPH
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2,2′-Azobis-2-methylpropanimidamide, dihydrochloride (AAPH) was purchased from Cayman Europe (Tallinn, Estonia), ethanol was purchased from Kemetyl (Haninge, Sweden), and phosphate-buffered saline-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PBS-EDTA) was purchased from Lonza (Braine, Belgium). Formic acid, oxalic acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). (+)-α-Tocopherol, β-carotene, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzthiazo-line-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2-propanol, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), strong basic resin (Ambersep 900 OH), acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, fluorescein, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, heptane, hexane, l (+)-ascorbic acid, linoleic acid, methanol, and Tween 20® were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA). Pure water was obtained from an SG Ultra-Pure water system (SG Water, Barsbuttel, Germany).
6
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol
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Capsaicin, dihydroCapsaicin, ascorbic acid, Folin Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reagent (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), potassium persulfate, trolox, quercetin, and all other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Evaluating Iodinated Contrast Media Antioxidant Capacity
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Five commercially available iodinated radiographic contrast media are iobitridol (xenetix; Guerbet, France), iodixanol (visipaque; GE Healthcare, Ireland), iohexol (omnipaque; GE Healthcare, China), ioxaglate (hexabrix; Guerbet, France), and isovue (iopamiro; Bracco, Italy). These iodinated radiographic contrast media are mainly used in diagnostic radiology. Di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium (DPPH), ascorbic acid, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), Trolox, and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
8
Antioxidant Evaluation of Mexican Crops
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CS produced by roasting coffee beans (C. Arabica 100%) was obtained from two states of Mexico (Chiapas and Jalisco). Popped amaranth was purchased from Nutriactivate Company (Puebla, Puebla, Mexico), and white corn was obtained from the food market of Guadalajara city (Jalisco, Mexico). CS, popped amaranth and white corn were milled prior to the extraction and extrusion process (Average Particle Size = 0.28 ± 0.01 mm).
5-caffeoylquinic acid powder reference standard (USP 12601), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (MeOH) was obtained at HPLC grade (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Phosphoric acid was obtained at reagent grade (Karal, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico).
The standard of 5CQA was diluted in MeOH to obtain a stock solution at 1000 µg/mL, from which the calibration curve was prepared. All the solutions remained refrigerated at 4 °C in amber vials.
5-caffeoylquinic acid powder reference standard (USP 12601), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (MeOH) was obtained at HPLC grade (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Phosphoric acid was obtained at reagent grade (Karal, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico).
The standard of 5CQA was diluted in MeOH to obtain a stock solution at 1000 µg/mL, from which the calibration curve was prepared. All the solutions remained refrigerated at 4 °C in amber vials.
9
Standardized Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids Analysis
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Standard (purity > 98%) flavonoids and phenolic acids including quinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, epicatechin, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, catechin, p-cumaric acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, ferulic acid, naringin, rutin, quercetin 3 galattoside, hesperidin, rosamarinic acid, kaempferol 3 glucoside, ellagic acid, diosmin, genistein, isorhamnetin 3 rutinoside, myricetin, daidzein, quercetin, naringenin, gallic acid, luteolin, and apigenin were provided from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). For the antioxidant experiments, 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), gallic acid, potassium persulphate, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolio chloride (TPTZ), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), anhydrous ferric chloride, sodium acetate, and hydrochloric acid were provided from Sigma-Aldrich. Standards and enzymes used to simulate GI process were: pepsin, bile salt, α-amylase, pancreatin, bacterial protease from Streptomyces griseus (Pronase E), Viscozyme L and pancreatin were provided from Sigma-Aldrich. Moreover, Megazyme® phytic acid assay kit, ammonium molybdate, potassium persulfate, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer, ferric chloride (FeCl3) and sodium chloride were provided from Sigma-Aldrich.
10
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Aspergillus oryzae
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A. oryzae 3.042 was supplied by Guangdong Institute of Microbiology (Guangzhou, China). Soybean, wheat flour and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from a local supermarket (Zhenjiang, China). Na2SeO3, ferrozine, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Cicalteu phenol reagent, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchro-man-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), gallic acid and rutin were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The other chemicals utilized in this research were ordered from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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