Metformin hydrochloride

Manufactured by MedChemExpress

Sourced in United States

Metformin hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is a biguanide compound used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Doxycycline, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Osi 027, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Daporinad, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Anti cd63 ab59479, by Abcam (1 mentions) Anti tsg101 ab125011, by Abcam (1 mentions) Venetoclax, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Pi 103, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Western blocking buffer, by Beyotime (1 mentions) Quinidine, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions) Phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions) Ab34710, by Abcam (1 mentions) Opn ab8448, by Abcam (1 mentions) Ml385, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions) Ripa buffer, by Beyotime (1 mentions) β actin, by Proteintech (1 mentions) Bca kit, by Beyotime (1 mentions) Ab5694, by Abcam (1 mentions) H2dcfda, by Beyotime (1 mentions) β actin 8h10d10, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Pifithrin α, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Metformin

6 protocols using metformin hydrochloride

Multimodal Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles

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Daporinad (catalog no. S2799), venetoclax (catalog no. S8048), OSI-027 (catalog no. S2624), PI-103 (catalog no. S1038), and doxycycline (catalog no. S5159) were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). CCCP (catalog no. HY-100941) and metformin hydrochloride (catalog no. HY-17471A) were purchased from MedChemExpress (Greenville, SC, USA). Anti-CD63 (ab59479), anti-CD81 (ab79559), and anti-TSG101 (ab125011) antibodies for immunoblotting and flow cytometry were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).

Wu Z., Sun H., Wang C., Liu W., Liu M., Zhu Y., Xu W., Jin H, & Li J. (2020). Mitochondrial Genome-Derived circRNA mc-COX2 Functions as an Oncogene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids, 20, 801-811.

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TGF-β2 Cytokine Modulation of Cellular Pathways

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The TGF-β2 cytokine was purchased from Pepro Tech. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (GAPDH), horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies, RIPA buffer, H2DCF-DA, BCA kit, western blocking buffer, H₂DCF-DA were the products of Beyotime (China). The nucleoside 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), metformin hydrochloride, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) (CAS No.: 846557-71-9), Atropine (CAS No.: 51-55-8) and Quinidine (CAS No.: 56-54-2) were acquired from MedChemExpress (MCE) (China). Antibodies against AKT, p-AKT, AMPK and p-AMPK (172) were purchased from CST. Antibodies against superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), Catalase (CAT), smad2/3 and β-actin were purchased from Proteintech. Antibodies against Nrf2, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (ab5694), Osteopontin (OPN) (ab8448), collagen-I, p-smad2/3 and fibronectin (ab34710) were purchased from Abcam. Antibody against p-Nrf2(S40) was provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The cell culture reagents were the products of Gibco Laboratories (CAS No.:16000-044).

Li X., Leng Y., Jiang Q., Wang Z., Luo P., Zhang C., Chen L., Wang Y., Wang H., Yue X., Shen C., Zhou Y., Shi C, & Xie L. (2020). Eye Drops of Metformin Prevents Fibrosis After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Rats via Activating AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 1038.

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Metformin and Nutlin-3 Combination Therapy

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Metformin Hydrochloride (purity: 99.98%, Cat.no.: HY17471A) and Nutlin-3 (purity: 98.32%, Cat.no.: HY-50696) were purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). NH₄Cl (purity: ≥99.5%, Cat.no.: A9434) and Pifithrin-α (purity: ≥95%, Cat.no.: P4359) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Chloroquine diphosphate (purity: ≥99%, Cat.no.: 4109) was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The antibodies against liver Arginase (ab91279), Ornithine Decarboxylase/ODC (ab97395), and Ornithine Carbamoyl-transferase/OTC [EPR19725] (ab203859) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, CB20AX, Cambridge, UK).
Antibodies against p53 (# 2524S), AMPKα (#2532S), and β-actin (8H10D10) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against phospho-AMPK alpha (Thr172) (AF3423) and phospho-p53 (Ser15) (AF3075) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (Cincinnati, OH, USA). The Cell Counting Kit-8 was purchased from Dojindo (Mashikimachi, Kumamoto, Japan). Antibodies against p21(AP021) and LC3B(AL221) and the BeyoClick™ EdU Cell Proliferation Kit with Alexa Fluor 488 were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

Zhang T., Hu L., Tang J.F., Xu H., Tian K., Wu M.N., Huang S.Y., Du Y.M., Zhou P., Lu R.J., He S., Xu J.M., Si J.J., Li J., Chen D.L, & Ran J.H. (2021). Metformin Inhibits the Urea Cycle and Reduces Putrescine Generation in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules, 26(7), 1990.

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Metformin Effects on AMPK Signaling

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Metformin hydrochloride was purchased from MedChemExpress (Princeton, NJ, USA). The RPMI 1640 medium and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Anti‐p‐AMPK, anti‐AMPK, goat anti‐rabbit and antimouse IgGHRP were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti‐β‐actin, anti‐ZO‐1, anti‐Occludin, anti‐Claudin‐5, anti‐ICAM‐1 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti‐ly6G, anti‐CD31, anti‐MMP‐2, anti‐MMP‐9 were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, CA, USA). An enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit was purchased from Bio‐Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). N,N′‐dimethylformamide was obtained from JinSan (Wenzhou, China). AMPK inhibitor Compound C, Evans blue and all of the other reagents were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise specified.

Zhang D., Tang Q., Zheng G., Wang C., Zhou Y., Wu Y., Xuan J., Tian N., Wang X., Wu Y., Xu H, & Zhang X. (2017). Metformin ameliorates BSCB disruption by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and MMP‐9 expression but not direct TJ proteins expression regulation. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 21(12), 3322-3336.

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Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Analysis

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Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis kit was purchased from Beytime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Glimepiride, metformin hydrochloride, paclitaxel and cisplatin were purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Rabbit antibodies to β-actin, phospho-AMPKα, AMPKα, phospho-p53, p53, p21, phospho-cyclin D1, cyclin D1, CDK4 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).

Long L., Hu X., Li X., Zhou D., Shi Y., Wang L., Zeng H., Yu X, & Zhou W. (2020). The Anti-Breast Cancer Effect and Mechanism of Glimepiride-Metformin Adduct. OncoTargets and therapy, 13, 3777-3788.

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Modulating T-cell Metabolic Pathways

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For certain experiments, IL-2 (10 ng/ml; Miltenyi) was added after 24 h. To bypass initial T cell receptor-dependent signalling, T-cells were activated using PMA (10 ng/ml; Merck) and ionomycin (500 ng/ml; Merck) for 4 h. For partial rescue, T-cells were activated in the presence and absence of canagliflozin, supplemented with dimethyl α-ketoglutarate (0.3 mM; Merck). For complex I inhibition experiments, T-cells were activated in the presence or absence of rotenone (1 μM; Merck) or metformin hydrochloride (10 mM; MedChemExpress). High-dose metformin hydrochloride was used to bypass any transporter-specific uptake. For combined inhibition of complex I and glutamate dehydrogenase, T-cells were activated in the presence and absence of piericidin A (500 nM; Enzo Life Sciences) and R162 (10 μM; Merck). To determine whether ERK inhibition or mTORC1 inhibition phenocopies canagliflozin treatment, T-cells were cultured in the presence of PD-98,059 (25 μM; Merck) and rapamycin (100 nM; Merck), respectively.

Jenkins B.J., Blagih J., Ponce-Garcia F.M., Canavan M., Gudgeon N., Eastham S., Hill D., Hanlon M.M., Ma E.H., Bishop E.L., Rees A., Cronin J.G., Jury E.C., Dimeloe S.K., Veale D.J., Thornton C.A., Vousden K.H., Finlay D.K., Fearon U., Jones G.W., Sinclair L.V., Vincent E.E, & Jones N. (2023). Canagliflozin impairs T cell effector function via metabolic suppression in autoimmunity. Cell metabolism, 35(7).

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