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Rpmi 1640 modified medium

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RPMI 1640-modified medium is a widely used cell culture medium designed to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including human and animal cells. It is a complex mixture of nutrients, salts, and supplements that provide the necessary components for cell proliferation and survival.

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15 protocols using rpmi 1640 modified medium

1

Leishmania amazonensis Bioassay Protocol

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The bioassay was performed using the AlamarBlue® method as previously described [23 (link)]. Promastigotes of L. amazonensis were grown at 26 °C in RPMI 1640 modified medium (Gibco BRL Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cultures in the logarithmic phase were seeded in sterilized 96-well microtiter plates (Corning™, Corning, NY, USA) (106 parasites/ml) containing the samples dissolved in 1% DMSO at the suitable concentration to be tested in serial dilutions, and Leishmania medium (RPMI 1640) was used to reach a final volume of 200 μl per well; then 10% of AlamarBlue® was added to the entire plate. After an incubation of 72 h, the plate was checked visually using an inverted microscope, then analyzed using an Enspire multimode plate reader (PerkinElmer, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) at excitation and emission wavelengths of 570 and 585 nm, respectively. Dose–response curves were plotted, and the concentration at which one half of the maximal inhibitory effect was obtained (IC50) was determined. The analyses were performed in triplicate.
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2

Wnt Signaling Pathway Activation in CM Cell Lines

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CM2005.1, CRMM1, and CRMM2 were cultured in F-12K nutrient mixture, Kaighn's modification, containing L-glutamine (Gibco, Life Technologies), 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Greiner Bio-One, The Netherlands), and 2% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco). T1527A was established at our laboratories (Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Switzerland) from a perilimbic CM extending onto the cornea of a 65-year-old man. These cells were grown in a mixture of 50% of RPMI 1640-modified medium (Gibco) and 50% DMEM/F-12 (Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 with GlutaMAXTM; Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (Greiner Bio-One) and 6 mM HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid; Gibco). The different cell lines were treated with 100 ng/μL of ligand Wnt3a or Wnt5a for 48 h in their respective medium. At the end of treatment, each cell line was washed 3 times with PBS and fixed with formol followed by immunofluorescence staining with β-catenin antibody (clone 14/β-catenin, Mouse monoclonal, dilution 1:200; BD Biosciences) and with Alexa Fluor goat anti-mouse antibody (dilution 1:2,000).
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3

Cultivation of Leishmania infantum Promastigotes

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We used promastigotes of L.
infantum
lines: (i) JPC-M5 (MCAN/ES/98/LLM-877) (LJPC)
as a genomic reference line and (ii) LLM2070, LLM2165, LLM2255, and
LLM2221 lines (L2070, L2165, L2255, and L2221), isolated from TF HIV
patients with VL and unsuccessfully treated with liposomal AmB (from
the WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, Instituto de Salud
Carlos III; Dr. F. Javier Moreno). All these L. infantum lines were grown at 28 °C in the RPMI 1640-modified medium
(Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% hiFBS (Invitrogen), as described.45 (link) Human myelomonocytic cells THP-1 were grown
at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in the RPMI-1640 medium supplemented
with 10% hiFBS, 2 mM glutamate, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL
streptomycin, as described.46 (link)
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4

Leishmania donovani Promastigote Culture

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L. donovani promastigotes (MHOM/ET/67/HU3) and the previously described derivative resistant lines A, M, P, S, AM, AP, AS, MP, and SP (resistant to AmB, MIL, PMM, SbIII, AmB+MIL, AmB+PMM, AmB+SbIII, MIL+PMM and SbIII+PMM, respectively) [4 (link)] were grown at 28°C in an RPMI 1640-modified medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (hiFBS, Invitrogen). L. donovani with the luciferase gene integrated into the parasite genome (Luc line) was grown in the same conditions.
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5

Crosslinked BSA Nanoparticle Synthesis

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JUG (purity 98.0%) was purchased from ACROS (New Jersey, USA). BSA was from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Sorbitol (cryo-protectant sugar) and N-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-N-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), the crosslinking agent, were obtained from Merck (Schuchardt OHG, Hohenbrunn, Germany). MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) powder was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). A431 and HT29 cell lines were obtained from the Pasture Institute of Iran in Tehran. RPMI-1640 modified medium was purchased from Gibco Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Water used for all experiments was of ultrapure prepared by a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, USA).
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6

Visceral Leishmaniasis Promastigote Cultivation

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We used promastigotes of L. infantum lines: (i) JPCM5 (MCAN/ES/98/LLM-877) as a reference control line; and (ii) LLM2070, LLM2165, LLM2255 and LLM2221 lines as L. infantum lines isolated from HIV positive patients with visceral leishmaniasis and TF, treated with liposomal amphotericin B and antiretroviral therapy, from the WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Dr. F. Javier Moreno). The sensitivity profile of the L. infantum lines has been previously described (Perea-Martinez et al., 2022 (link)). All these L. infantum lines were grown at 28°C in RPMI 1640-modified medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% hiFBS (Invitrogen), as described (Manzano et al., 2019 (link)). Human myelomonocytic THP-1 cells were grown at 37°C and 5% CO2 in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% iFBS, 2 mM glutamate, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 mg/mL streptomycin as described (Sanchez-Fernandez et al., 2019 (link)).
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7

Culturing Leishmania Promastigotes for Research

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Promastigotes of Leishmania donovani (MHOM/ET/67/HU3 and MHOM/IND/80/Dd8), Leishmania major (MHOM/JL/80/Friedlin), Leishmania infantum JPCM5 (MCAN/ES/98/LLM-877), and derivative lines used in this study were grown at 28 °C in RPMI 1640-modified medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (HIFBS, Invitrogen) and stored in cryobanks. Leishmania lines overexpressing D-lactate dehydrogenase-like (D-LDH), branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT), protein associated with differentiation (PAD), and sterol 24-c-methyltransferase (SMT) were obtained in this study and grown in the same medium in the presence of 100 μg/ml of HyB. In a previous work (Garcia-Hernandez et al., 2012 ), the lines A, M, P, and S (that are resistant to AmB, MIL, PMM, and SbIII, respectively) were selected in vitro from L. donovani HU3 promastigotes by a stepwise adaptation process till 80 μM SbIII, 0.1 μM AmB, 8 μM MIL and 20 μM PMM. Wild-type (WT) and resistant lines were grown during 30 passages under drug pressure before proceeding with extraction of both DNA and RNA for NGS sequencing. However, for the rest of purposes, the lines were cultured without drugs just before being subjected to the different assays.
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8

Cultivation of Protozoan Parasites

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Bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei
brucei
Lister 427 was cultured in Hirumi’s modified
Iscove’s medium (HMI-9), supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated
FBS, at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in T-25 vented flask (Corning).
MRC5-SV2 cell line (SV40-transformed human lung fibroblast cell
line) was cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS at 37
°C and 5% CO2 in T-75 vented flask (Corning).
The T. cruzi Tulahuen C4 strain, expressing the
β-galactosidase gene (LacZ) and L6 rat skeletal muscle cells,
used as host cells, were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10%
iFBS, 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL
streptomycin at 37 °C and 5% CO2.
Leishmania
donovani
MHOM/ET/67/HU3 cells with
the luciferase gene integrated into the parasite genome were grown
at 28 °C in RPMI 1640-modified medium (Invitrogen) supplemented
with 20% FBS with 100 mg/mL of hygromycin B.37 (link)The human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1 was grown at 37 °C
and 5% CO2 in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% iFBS, 2 mM
glutamate, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin. 3 ×104 THP-1 cells per well in 96-well plates were differentiated
to macrophages with 20 ng/mL of PMA treatment for 48 h followed by
24 h of culture in fresh medium.
Maintenance of the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle
(NMRI isolate), the preparation of adult worms (≥42-days-old),
and phenotypic screens with test compounds were as described.38 (link)−40 (link)
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9

Investigating the Effects of SCU and Edaravone

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Powdered SCU (purity 99%, formula weight 464.4) was obtained from Mr. Renwei Zhang of Kunming Longjin Pharmaceuticals Co. (Kunming, China). The structure of SCU was shown in Figure 1(a). SCU was dissolved in physiological saline solution. Cell culture reagents including modified RPMI-1640 medium and fetal bovine serum were obtained from HyClone (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Edaravone with a purity of 99% was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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10

Apoptosis Induction Assay Protocol

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MTT, Hoechst 33258, propidium iodide (PI), RNase A, rhodamine 123 (Rh-123) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Newborn bovine serum (NBS) was purchased from Hangzhou Sijiqing Biological Engineering Materials Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin, modified RPMI-1640 medium, penicillin-streptomycin and PBS were all obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). An Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection kit was obtained from Beijing Zoman Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Lysis buffer was purchased from JRDUN Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Primary antibodies to Bcl-2 (no. ab117115), Bax (no. ab32503), caspase 3 (no. ab2171), caspase 9 (no. ab32539), Cyt-c (no. ab8245) and GAPDH (no. ab13575) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK); secondary antibobodies, including goat anti-mouse IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP; no. A0216) and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (no. A0208) were obtained from the Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Haimen, China). All other chemicals and reagents used in the present study were certified as analytical grade.
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