Ethyl linoleate

Diethyl ether (purity ≥ 99.8%), n-hexane (purity ≥ 95%), n-heptane (purity ≥ 99%), and tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE, purity ≥ 99.8%) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sudan I (1-phenylazo-2-naphthol, CAS number 842-07-9), methyl heptadecanoate (analytical standard, CAS number 1731-92-6), ethyl palmitate (analytical standard, CAS number 628-97-7), ethyl oleate (analytical standard, CAS number 111-62-6), ethyl linoleate (analytical standard, CAS number 544-354), ethyl stearate (analytical standard, CAS number 111-61-5), and silica gel (high-purity grade, Davisil Grade 62, particle size 60-200 mesh) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA).

N. gaditana dry biomass was obtained from AlgaEnergy (Madrid, Spain). The N. gaditana extract was obtained and analyzed in terms of lipid classes and fatty acid profile following previously optimized methods [1 (link)]. SOFTISAN^® 649 (bis-diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2), a lanolin substitute widely use in the industry [43 (link)], was obtained from Sasol Germany GmbH & Co (Witten, Germany). Tween^® 80 (polysorbate 80) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Soy lecithin was purchased from Acopharma (Barcelona, Spain). Ethyl acetate was from Vaz Pereira S.A. (Sintra, Portugal). MilliQ water was obtained from a MilliQ plus system (Millipore, Germany). Methanol was purchased from Lab Scan Analytical Sciences (Gliwice, Poland). The HPLC-grade solvents (2,2,4-trimethyl pentane, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)) were purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals (Gliwice, Poland). Absolute ethanol (PRS grade), sodium hydrogen carbonate, and potassium hydroxide were purchased from Panreac Química S.A (Barcelona, Spain). Glyceryl trilinoleate, dioleoylglycerol (mixture of 1,3- and 1,2-isomers), 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, mono galactosyl glycerol, di galactosyl glycerol, oleic acid, and ethyl linoleate used as HPLC standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents and solvents used were of analytical or HPLC grade.

Dichloromethane (DCM; CAS: 75-09-2) of Chromasolv grade purity was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). PTFE 17 mm. 0.2 μm membrane filters were supplied from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Styrene (≥96%), α-methyl Styrene (99%), acetophenone (≥98%), α,α-dimethyl benzene methanol (cumyl alcohol) (≥97%), ethyl linoleate (≥99%), ethyl hexadecanoate (≥99%), 2,4-di-tert butyl phenol (DTBP) (99%), methyl-9,12-octadecadienoate (≥98%), tetradecanamide (≥96%), and oleamide (≥99%) were also purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Hexadecanamide (95%) was purchased from TCI Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). The PS oligomers 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene and 1,3,5-triphenylcyclohexane (mixture of isomers) were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals Europe GmbH (Milano, Italy).

Commercial dry powder biomass from microalga Isochrysis galbana was purchased from Neoalgae Micro Seaweed Products (Gijón, Spain). Chloroform and isopropyl alcohol were purchased from Scharlab S.L. (Sentmenat, Spain) Methanol was purchased from Lab Scan Analytical Sciences (Gliwice, Poland). Hexane and the solvents (2,2,4-trimethyl pentane, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)) used for HPLC analyses were HPLC-grade and purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals (Gliwice, Poland). Absolute ethanol (PRS grade), sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydroxide were purchased from Panreac Quimica S.A (Barcelona, Spain). The water used was Milli-Q grade (Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA , USA). Viscozyme^®® from Aspergillus aculeatus containing a wide range of carbohydrases, including arabinase, cellulase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase and xylanase, and Celluclast^®® containing cellulase from Trichoderma reesei were kindly donated by Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Fatty acid methyl esters standard (Supelco 37 FAME Mix) was from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Glyceryl trilinoleate, dioleoylglycerol (mixture of 1,3- and 1,2-isomers), 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, oleic acid and ethyl linoleate used as HPLC standards was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents and solvents used were of analytical or HPLC grade.