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5 protocols using complete protease inhibitors

1

Ovary Lysate Protein Analysis

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For ovary lysates, ovaries were dissected and placed immediately on dry ice. Cell and ovary lysates were extracted using radioimmunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) plus complete protease inhibitors (Roche). Protein was quantitated using the Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Proteins were separated on a 4–12% NuPAGE Bis-Tris gel (Invitrogen) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Membranes were blocked in milk or Odyssey blocking buffer and incubated in primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies included rabbit anti-Ref(2)P (1:10,000), mouse anti-actin (1:500; JLA20; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), mouse anti-Tubulin (1:1,000; E7), mouse anti–ATPsyn-α (1:1,000), mouse anti-Porin (1:1,000; MitoSciences), mouse anti-ANT (1:500; MitoSciences), rabbit anti–Dcp-1 (1:500; Laundrie et al., 2003 (link)), guinea pig anti–Dcp-1 (1:500; Tenev et al., 2005 (link)), rabbit anti-Pink1 (1:500; Abcam), and rabbit anti-Atg8a (1:1,000; Barth et al., 2011 (link)). Membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies or infrared-labeled secondary antibodies and were detected using the ECL Enhanced Western Blotting System (GE Healthcare) or the Odyssey System (LI-COR Biosciences). Densitometry was performed using ImageQuant 5.1 software (GE Healthcare).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of GFP Protein

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Cells were lysed in pre-chilled lysis buffer containing 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 1% NP-40 and one tablet of complete protease inhibitors (Santa Cruz, sc-29131) per 25 ml. Lysis was on ice for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at 14,000g, 4 °C for 10 min. Supernatant protein was quantified using Bio-Rad DC protein assay kits. Protein extracts (27 μg per lane) were resolved on 4–12% NuPAGE Bis-Tris precast gels (Life Technologies) and transferred to Bio-Rad Immun-Blot PVDF membranes (162-0177, Bio-Rad). After transfer, polyvinylidene difluoride membranes were blocked in PBS–Tween 20 (PBST, containing 1 × PBS, 0.1% Tween 20) containing 5% non-fat dry milk (M0841, LabScientific) for 1 h at room temperature, and then incubated with mouse anti-GFP primary antibody at a final concentration of 1 μg ml−1 (Santa Cruz, catalogue number SC9996,) overnight at 4 °C. Membranes were washed three times (7 min) in PBST at room temperature and incubated with secondary antibody (anti-mouse immunoglobulin G from GE healthcare, NA931V) diluted 1:4,000, for 30 min at room temperature. Subsequently, membranes were washed three times (5 min) in PBST. Peroxidase activity was measured using SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (Thermo Scientific) following the manufacturer's protocols; the resulting chemifluorescence was imaged using the FluorChem M imager from ProteinSimple.
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3

Sperm Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Freshly ejaculated semen samples were allowed to liquefy at 37°C for 1 h. Spermatozoa were purified using the ISolate® kit (Irvine Scientific, Santa Ana, CA, USA) followed by centrifugation for 15 min at 400 g. The pellet was resuspended in PBS, centrifuged for 10 min at 400 g and solubilized in RIPA lysis buffer in presence of complete protease inhibitors (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) at a final concentration of 9 × 107 cell/mL for 30 min at 4°C. The insoluble material was pelleted by centrifugation at 10 000 g for 10 min, and the supernatant was used as the loading sample for sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) gels.
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4

ChIP-seq protocol for Zbtb11 and GABPA

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Sonicated chromatin lysates were obtained as described above (see Methods: Chromatin immunoprecipitation) and the protein content was measured using the Bio-Rad RC DC protein measurement kit (cat. no. 5000121). Chromatin (500 μg) was mixed with 5 μg anti-Zbtb11 antibody overnight. Antibody/chromatin complexes were pulled down with 25 μl protein G Dynabeads by mixing for 3 h at 4 °C. The beads were washed three times and the immunoprecipitated chromatin was eluted with 50 μl [1× TE, 10 mM dithiothreitol] by shaking 30 min at 37 °C. Eluted chromatin was diluted 1:20 with 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM Tris pH 7.5, 5 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, Complete protease inhibitors (Roche), and mixed overnight with 8 μg anti-GABPa antibody (Santa Cruz, sc-28312 X) pre-captured on 100 μl sheep anti-mouse IgG Dynabeads (by mixing 3 h at 4 °C). Beads were washed three times and DNA was eluted with 230 μl [1× TE, 1% SDS, 1 mg/ml proteinase K, 0.3 mg/ml RNase A] by shaking overnight at 65 °C. DNA was extracted using a Qiagen PCR purification kit, and 1/40 was used in each qPCR reaction.
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5

Tau Aggregation Kinetics Modulation

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Monomeric human full-length Tau was aggregated by adapting a published procedure (Akoury et al., 2013) . Briefly, 50 μM of Tau were mixed with varying concentrations of heparin (0.125, 1.25, 12.5 and 125 μM) in 25 mM HEPES-KOH pH 7.5, 75 mM KCl, 75 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT and Heparin Low Molecular Weight (Santa Cruz Biotech). Samples were heated at 95°C for 10 min and supplemented with Complete Protease Inhibitors (1/2 tablet/50 ml) and 1 mM DTT. Aggregation was performed at 37°C for shaking in an incubator at 180 rpm. Samples were collected at time points described in Fig. 4A. Monomeric human N-terminally FLAG-tagged Tau-RD was aggregated in 25 mM HEPES-KOH pH 7.5, Complete Protease Inhibitors (1/2 tablet/50 ml), 75 mM KCl, 75 mM NaCl, 10 mM DTT and Heparin Low Molecular Weight (Santa Cruz Biotech), concentrations depending on the experiment and Tau:heparin ratio were kept at 4:1. Aggregation was performed at 37°C, shaking at 180 rpm, and aliquots were flash frozen at time points indicated in the text. Aliquots were then thawed in a water bath at 37˚C for downstream applications.
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