N propanol

Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), Polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE), PVC electrical insulating tape and conductive enameled copper wire and foil were purchased from Alibaba’s e-commerce platform. MEthanol, Ethanol, N-propanol, Ethylene glycol, Glycerol, Formamide, Acetamide, Propionamide, Malonamide, Formic acid, Oxalic acid, Pentane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, Acetic acid, Benzonitrile, Acetonitrile, Succinonitrile, Deuterium oxide (D₂O), Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co, Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Some liquids with specified concentrations in the experiment need to be prepared in advance. The concentrations of Glycerol and H₂O₂ were set to 50% and 35%, respectively. Some of the other liquids purchased are solids that need to be prepared as 0.1 mol/L solutions. In order to completely rub the liquid and solid materials of the U-tube TENG to generate electricity, an electric rocker arm was used to shake the U-tube.

Dicyandiamide (DCDA), copper (II) acetylacetonate (Cu(acac)₂), Iron (III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)₃), and nickel (II) acetylacetonate (Ni(acac)₂) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., LTD. Potassium bicarbonate (ACS, 99.7–100.5%) and deuterlum oxide (D₂O, 99.9 atom% D) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Nafion solution (5 wt% in mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols and water) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Nafion 117 membrane was purchased from Shanghai Hesen Electric Co., LTD. Standard liquid products: methanol (> 99.9%), sodium formate (99.99%), ethanol (> 99.8% for GC), and n-propanol (99.99%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ cm⁻²) was used in this work. The gas products, including H₂, CO, CH₄, and C₂H₄, were calibrated using standard mixed gases purchased from Dalian Special Gases Co., LTD.