Weight and height were categorized using cutoff points established by the WHO in 1998 [26 ]. Body weight was measured using a balance (SECA, model 713) with a scale from 2 to 130 kg and 0.2 kg precision. A measuring rod (SECA, model 212) with a minimum graduation of 1 mm was used to obtain body height. Skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) were measured with a Lange caliper (Beta Technology Incorporated, Cambridge, MD, USA) with a 1 mm sensitivity and 0–67 mm graduation. All measurements were taken in triplicate [27 ,28 ,29 ]. Body mass index (BMI) was used to classify the nutritional state, with cutoff points suggested for persons over 50 years of age [30 (link)]. WC was measured with a non-elastic metric measuring tape (SECA, model 201) during the vacuum between the end of expiration and the beginning of normal inspiration, midway between the left costal margin (lower edge of the tenth rib) and the iliac crest (anterior-superior iliac spine). WC measurement was considered an indicator of abdominal fat distribution; the cutoff point for normality was <80 cm, whereas values ≥ 80 cm were categorized as abdominal fat distribution [26 ].
Model 201
Manufactured by Seca
Sourced in Germany
The Seca Model 201 is a high-precision digital scale designed for medical and laboratory applications. It features a large, easy-to-read display and a sturdy, compact design. The scale provides accurate weight measurements with a capacity of up to 200 kg (440 lb).
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Model 213, by Seca (4 mentions)
213 stadiometer, by Seca (2 mentions)
803 weighing scale, by Seca (2 mentions)
Model 336, by Seca (2 mentions)
Harpenden infantometer length board, by Holtain (2 mentions)
Model 876, by Seca (2 mentions)
Tbf 300a, by Tanita (2 mentions)
Hem 7200, by Omron (2 mentions)
Model 212, by Seca (1 mentions)
Mc 980 body composition analyzer ma multifrequency segmental, by Tanita (1 mentions)
Model 417, by Seca (1 mentions)
220 telescopic height rod, by Seca (1 mentions)
Bc 418 body composition analyzer, by Tanita (1 mentions)
Model 208, by Seca (1 mentions)
Tbf 300, by Tanita (1 mentions)
Model bc 418 ma, by Tanita (1 mentions)
Bc 418ma, by Tanita (1 mentions)
90217 monitor, by Spacelabs (1 mentions)
Tbf 300a, by Seca (1 mentions)
Bf 522w, by Tanita (1 mentions)
20 protocols using model 201
1
Anthropometric Measurements and Body Composition
2
Anthropometric Measurements in Children
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Anthropometric measurements, that is, height, weight, hip and waist circumference, were conducted in children from study year 2 to 8. The measurements were integrated in the school hours allocated to physical education. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg (Weighing Scale 803, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm (Stadiometer 213, Seca, Birmingham, UK). Hip and waist circumference were measured with a measuring tape to the nearest 0.1 cm (model 201, Seca,). Children were measured with light sports clothing and no shoes. All anthropometric measurements were performed twice, and a third measurement was conducted if the difference between the first two measurements exceeded a preset limit (weight ≥0.2 kg, height ≥0.5 cm, hip and waist circumference ≥1.0 cm). Unfortunately, hip and waist circumference were excluded from further analyses due to measurement errors. BMI was assessed by height and weight; age and gender-specific BMI cut-off points were used to define overweight and obesity.37 (link) BMI z-scores were calculated by using Dutch reference values.6 (link)
3
Anthropometric Measurements in Infants
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Measurement of length, weight and head circumference (HC) was performed on all infants. Measurements were taken by trained field workers using calibrated tools. Length was measured using a Harpenden Infantometer length board (Holtain Ltd) to a precision of 0.1 cm. Weight was obtained using an electronic baby scale (Model 336, SECA) to a precision of 0.01 kg. Finally, HC was measured around the maximum circumference of the head (forehead to occiput) using stretch‐proof measuring tape (Model 201, SECA) to the nearest 0.1 cm. Each measure was taken in triplicate and the mean of the three measures was used in analyses.
Anthropometric measures were converted to age and sex adjusted z‐scores that are based on World Health Organization normative growth data (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group,2006 ). Height‐for‐Age (HAZ), Weight‐for‐Height (WHZ) and Head Circumference (HCZ) z‐scores were computed. Children categorized as “stunted” or “wasted” were identified using WHO criteria based on HAZ and WHZ scores, respectively. Severity of stunting/wasting is categorized as −2 SD for moderate and −3 SD for severe.
Anthropometric measures were converted to age and sex adjusted z‐scores that are based on World Health Organization normative growth data (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group,
4
Comprehensive Anthropometric Measurements
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Anthropometric recorded data were height (SECA® Model 274), waist circumference (SECA® Model 201), and body composition by bioelectrical impedance (Tanita MC-980 Body Composition Analyzer MA Multifrequency Segmental, Barcelona, Spain). The analyzer complied with the applicable European standards (93/42EEC, 90/384EEC) for use in the medical industry. Participants were informed in advance of the required conditions prior to the measurement: no alcohol less than 24 h before the measurement, no vigorous exercise less than 12 h prior to the measurement, no food or drink less than three h prior to the measurement, and no urination immediately before the measurement. All measurements were taken simultaneously during the morning in fasting conditions. Weight and BMI measurements were calculated and the compartmental analysis measured fat mass, fat free mass and muscle mass. The following measurements were taken: age, height, weight, BMI and fat percentage.
5
Anthropometric and Disease Surveillance Protocol
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The child’s weight is recorded using an electronic mother-child weighting scale (Model 876, SECA, Germany). Length is recorded to the nearest 1 mm using foldable length boards (Model 417, SECA, Germany). MUAC is recorded using a non-stretchable plastic tape (model 201, SECA, Germany). All measurements are taken in duplicate during each home visit.
Research teams also interview for disease episodes during the last week using a standardized and tested questionnaire (acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, fever, malnutrition, malaria and measles). Diarrhea is defined as “the passage of 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day” (WHO definition). The symptoms detailed by Roth [33 (link)] are used to define acute respiratory infections: “At least one lower respiratory tract sign reported by a caregiver and/or observed by study personnel (fast or difficulty breathing, chest wall indrawing) and/or abnormal findings on pulmonary auscultation (crackles/crepitation and/or bronchial breath sounds)”. Fever is defined as a temperature superior or equal to 38 °C.
Research teams also interview for disease episodes during the last week using a standardized and tested questionnaire (acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, fever, malnutrition, malaria and measles). Diarrhea is defined as “the passage of 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day” (WHO definition). The symptoms detailed by Roth [33 (link)] are used to define acute respiratory infections: “At least one lower respiratory tract sign reported by a caregiver and/or observed by study personnel (fast or difficulty breathing, chest wall indrawing) and/or abnormal findings on pulmonary auscultation (crackles/crepitation and/or bronchial breath sounds)”. Fever is defined as a temperature superior or equal to 38 °C.
6
Anthropometric Measurements in Infant Cohort
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Measurements of length, weight, and head circumference (HC) were collected on all infants at birth, at 7/14 days, 1 month, and in all visits from 5 to 24 months, by trained field workers using calibrated tools. Length was measured using a Harpenden Infantometer length board (Holtain Ltd) to a precision of 0.1 cm. Weight was obtained using an electronic baby scale (Model 336, SECA) to a precision of 0.01 kg. Finally, HC was measured around the maximum circumference of the head (forehead to occiput) using stretch-proof measuring tape (Model 201, SECA) to the nearest 0.1 cm. Each measure was taken in triplicate and the mean of the three measures was used in analyses.
7
Anthropometric and Blood Pressure Measurements
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Relevant anthropometric data were collected in accordance with international standards [38 ]. The height of the participants was measured via stadiometer (SECA model 220 Telescopic Height Rod, Hamburg, Germany). Participants body weight was measured using Tanita BC-418 Body Composition Analyzer (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) to the nearest 0.1 kg and BMI (kg/m2) was calculated. Waist circumference (WC) was measured (SECA Model 201, Hamburg, Germany) thrice horizontally, between the inferior margin of the ribs and the superior border of the iliac crest after expiration but before inspiration. After 10 to 15 mins of quiet sitting, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured manually on each arm with a sphygmomanometer (Welch Allyn® 767 Series Aneroid; New York, USA) and the average of three measures was recorded from the arm which produced the highest SBP and DBP readings.
8
Anthropometric Measurements Protocol
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Data on weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist–height index (WHtR) and BF% were collected using an anthropometrics manual [30 ]. Briefly, weight was assessed on light clothing and without shoes on a Tanita scale (TANITA TBF-300, TANITA, Tokyo, Japan; 1 g accuracy). Height was measured using wall-mounted stadiometers (Seca, model 208, 0.1 cm precision). The waist circumference was measured at the midpoint between the last rib and the upper border of the iliac crest with a non-elastic flexible tape (Seca, model 201, accuracy 0.1 cm). Body composition (body lean mass, body fat mass and BF%) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (TANITA TBF-300, Tokyo, Japan). The pubertal stage was established by a pediatrician according to the Tanner criteria [31 (link)]. BMI z-score was computed following the WHO definitions. Body weight was divided by height in meters squared and then normalized based on age and sex. Nutritional status was classified, as normal weight (z-score BMI > −2SD and <+1SD); overweight (z-score BMI > +1SD or <+2SD); obesity (z-score BMI > +2SD), as proposed by WHO [32 ].
9
Measuring Anthropometric Characteristics
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The weight, body fat percentage (Tanita, model BC418 MA) [47 ], and waist circumference of the workers were objectively measured. The waist circumference with millimeter precision was measured horizontally midway between the top edge of the hip and lower ribs using a measurement tape (Seca, model 201) [48 (link)]. The average of the two measurements was recorded. Height was measured without shoes using a stadiometer (Seca, model 213) to the nearest 0.1 cm while weight and fat percentage (%BF) were measured without shoes and socks using the Tanita (model BC418 MA) bio-impedance segmental body composition analyzer [47 ], to the nearest 0.1 kg and 0.1%, respectively. Their BMI (kg/m2) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared.
10
Anthropometric Measurements in Children
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Measurements were taken of the height, weight, and cranial and abdominal circumferences of the children, using: a SECA wall plastic height scale, model 206 (Hamburg, Germany) with measurement range of 0–220 cm; a SECA digital floor scale, model 803 (Hamburg, Germany) with a limit of 150 kg in 100 g increments; and a SECA measuring tape, model 201 (Hamburg, Germany), an ergonomic and flexible band to measure circumferences, with a range of 0–250 cm in 1 mm increments.
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