G2 f20 s twin

The morphologies of precursor and annealed samples were investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi S4800) and a field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM, FEI, Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin). X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker AXS, D8 Advance) was used for crystal structure characterization.

The morphology and chemical composition of the samples was analysed with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM, VEGA3 TESCAN) and transmission electron microscope (Fei Tecnai G2 F20 S Twin with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Specific surface area analysed through adsorption using the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) isotherm was performed with a Quadrasorb SI (Quantachrome Instruments). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were carried out using X'Pert Philips Diffractometer with Cu lamp (Kα1 = 1.54056 Å) to investigate the crystal composition of the samples. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on 10 mg samples using the DTA-Q600 SDT TA Instrument at the heating rate of 5 °C min⁻¹ from room temperature to 1000 °C in air. Raman spectra were performed using via Raman Microscope (Renishaw) with the excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The adsorption capacities of carbon dioxide were measured using a Sievert-type volumetric apparatus (IMI, Hiden Isochema, U.K.).

The ICG-ZnS NPs morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM, H-7650, Hitachi, Japan) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SU8010, Hitachi, Japan). The elemental mapping and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra of ICG-ZnS NPs were observed using TEM (Tecnai G² F20 S-TWIN, FEI, USA). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were measured via a D/Max-RB X-ray diffractometer (Panalytical X'Pert'3 Powder, Malvern, UK) at a scan rate of 2°/min. Elemental distribution was characterized via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Scientific K-Alpha, Thermo, USA). Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were measured via Zetasizer (Nano ZS90, Malvern, UK). The UV–Vis adsorption was characterized through an enzyme-labeled instrument (SpectraMax M2, Molecular Devices, USA).

Morphology and composition of the samples were characterized using SEM (EM S-4800, Tokyo, Japan) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). All the specimens were gold-sputtered and tested at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV.
Microstructure of the LRF carbon cryogel was characterized using TEM (Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN, FEI, USA).
FTIR tests were performed on a Vertex 70 spectrophotometer (Bruker, Germany) equipped with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell. The wavenumber region ranged from 4000 to 400 cm⁻¹ with a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹. Each specimen was tested twice.
XRD patterns were recorded on a D8 Advance diffractometer (Bruker, Germany) using Cu Kα radiation at a 2θ angle range of 2–40°, with a scanning step of 0.01° and a scanning rate of 2° min⁻¹.
TGA was tested on a TGA–55 instrument (TA, New Castle, DE, USA). Each sample ran from 30 to 800 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ under N₂ atmosphere.
N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms were determined using an ASAP 2460 automated gas sorption analyzer (sn:506, Atlanta, GA, USA). The specific surface area (SSA) was calculated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, the pore size distribution (PSD) by the Barret–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) model, and the micropore distribution by the t-plot method.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (G2 F20 S-Twin; FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) was used to analyze cell morphology as described by Joung et al. (2016) (link) with some modification. Overnight cultures of P. rettgeri (1 × 10⁵ CFU/mL) were diluted and exposed to three concentrations of SAG (0, 1, and 2 MIC) for 4 h at 37 °C. Thereafter, the cultures were centrifuged (10,000×g, 8 min), and washed twice with 0.85% NaCl. The suspension was removed, and cell pellets were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 12 h at 37 °C. Then, cells were dehydrated through graded alcohols (20%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) for 15 min; the resulting cell pellets were embedded in resin. Ultrathin samples were incised by ultramicrotome, and uranyl acetate stain was used for TEM.