concentrations for 24 h, and protein lysates were then prepared in RIPA lysis
buffer containing protease inhibitors (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA). Volumes of
clarified protein lysate containing equal amounts of protein (50
μg) were separated on 10–12% sodium
dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and
electrophoretically (90 min at 100 V) transferred to a Hybond-ECL membrane (GE
Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ, USA). Blots were then blocked for 1 h in 1 ×
TBST (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.05% Tween-20)
containing 5% blocking grade non-fat dry milk (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA,
USA), and then incubated overnight with primary antibody at 4 °C. Blots
were then washed for three times in 1 × TBST and incubated for 2 h at
room temperature with HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit or anti-mouse IgG
secondary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
Immunoreactive bands were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence
detection system (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA).