The reagents and solvents were commercially available for analytical reagent (AR) grade and were used as received or were dried prior to use, as needed. The melting point was measured by X-5 binocular microscope melting point apparatus (Beijing Tech Instruments Co. Ltd., Beijing, China). Using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6) as solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal standard, 1H-NMR spectra were recorded on 300 MHz and 600 MHz spectrometers and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded on 75 MHz and 151 MHz spectrometers (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). MS data were obtained on the 7000C Triple Quad GC/MS and 6460 Triple Quad LC/MS Mass Spectrometers (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Elemental analyses were determined on a Vario EL III elemental analyser (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany).
Vario el 3 elemental analyser
Manufactured by Elementar
Sourced in Germany
The Vario EL III elemental analyzer is a laboratory instrument designed for the rapid and accurate determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content in a wide range of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples. It uses combustion and reduction techniques to quantify the elemental composition of the samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
7000c gc ms triple quad, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
6460 triple quad lc ms mass spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
400 spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Ms qp 1000 ex, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Rotary evaporator, by Heidolph (1 mentions)
Phi 5600, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Smartlab, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Jsm 7800f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Tg 209, by Netzsch (1 mentions)
4 protocols using vario el 3 elemental analyser
1
Analytical Characterization of Chemical Compounds
2
Characterization of Organic Compounds
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All the reagents used in this study were purchased from Merck (India), Sigma Aldrich and Spectrochem. All melting points were uncorrected and measured using Veego VMPDS apparatus, IR spectra were recorded as potassium bromide pellets on a Perkin Elmer 1650 spectrophotometer (USA), 1H NMR spectra was determined on a Bruker (400) spectrometer and chemical shifts are expressed as ppm against TMS as internal reference. Mass spectra were recorded on 70 eV (EI Ms-QP 1000EX, Shimadzu, Japan). Column chromatography was performed on silica gel (60–120 mesh). Elemental analysis was carried out using Elementar Vario EL III elemental analyser. Elemental analysis data is reported in % standard.
3
Protein Extraction from Brewers' Spent Grain
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BSG and fermented BSG (FBSG) were extracted for proteins using an ethanolic-alkali mixture comprising of ethanol and sodium metabisulfite, alkali-adjusted to pH 9. BSG and FBSG were placed in a shaking water bath at 60 °C for 2 h. After extraction, centrifugation (5000 rpm, 10 min) was used to remove solids (Thermo Fisher, USA). The protein-containing supernatant was isoelectrically precipitated using hydrochloric acid and ethanol was removed using a rotary evaporator (Heidolph, Germany). Precipitated proteins were centrifuged and the pellet was washed twice with distilled water before freeze-drying. Reagents used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, USA). Protein content was estimated from the nitrogen content in dried extracts using a Elementar Vario EL III Elemental Analyser and calculated by using the 5.83*N ratio.
4
Comprehensive Characterization of Co-Sn Samples
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The phases of the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) (SmartLab, Rigaku) with Cu Kα (λ = 1.54178 Å) radiation source. The morphology of the samples was determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JEOL JSM-7800F) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Tecnai G2 F30). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the sample was measured on a Quantachrome Autosorb-iQ-MP surface area detecting instrument with N2 physisorption at 77 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out on a PHI 5600 instrument (PerkinElmer, USA). Raman spectroscopy was recorded on a Renishaw spectrometer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed under air flow by a TG 209 (Netzsch). Atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement was recorded on a XE7, Park system. The atomic ratio of Co to Sn was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Prodigy 7, Leeman Labs). Elemental analysis was tested by a VarioELIII elemental analyser, Elementar, Germany.
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