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8 protocols using e cadherin

1

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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The protein concentration was determined using the Bio-Rad protein assay system. Cells receiving different treatment were dissolved in Laemmli buffer and boiling for 5 minutes. 20ug of protein was subjected to electrophoresis in 12% of SDS-PAGE and then transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. Keep it closed in PBS containing 5% skimmed milk for 2 hours at room temperature and then add different primary antibodies including Nogo-b (Abcam, dulited in PBS with 1:1000); MMP14 (Santa Cruz, dulited in PBS with 1:200); E-cadherin; vimentin or α-SMA both from ImmunoWay Biotechnology Company, dulited in PBS with 1:1000; GAPDH was regarded as the internal refere nce, dulited in PBS with 1:1000. After washing, the membranes were incubated in the corresponding secondary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by chemiluminescence testing strips.
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2

Exploring Antifibrotic Mechanisms in Pulmonary Fibrosis

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Tan was purchased from Chengdu Must Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (purity≥98%, Chengdu, China). Bleomycin sulfate (BLM) was obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Pirfenidone was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). The primary antibodies against E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MMP9, and collagen I were purchased from Immunoway (Plano, TX, United States). p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt1, and Akt1 were from Affinity Bioscience (Changzhou, China). TGF-β1, TGFBR2, α-SMA, β-actin, and all the secondary antibodies were from the Proteintech Group (Wuhan, China).
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3

Exosome Protein Profiling by Western Blot

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Tissues, cells or exosomes were lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation lysis buffer (RIPA) containing PMSF (100:1 dilution), and total protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein quantification kit. The protein samples were separated through 10% SDS-containing polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE), then transferred onto 0.22-μm polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. Next, the membranes were blocked in TBST containing 5% skimmed milk for 1.5 h. After washing with PBS three times, PVDF membranes were incubated at 4 °C overnight with antibodies against the following proteins: TSG101 (Immunoway, USA), CD9 (Immunoway), ALIX (Immunoway), PTEN (Immunoway), TOB1 (Immunoway), BCL-2 (Immunoway), BAX (Immunoway), cleaved-caspase 3 (CST, USA), E-cadherin (CST), N-cadherin (CST), vimentin (CST), or β-Actin (CST). The membranes were washed three times with PBS, then incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody for 1 h at room temperature. The protein bands were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence, and the relative expression of target proteins was normalized to β-Actin.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Using a radio-immuno-precipitation assay buffer (RIPA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors, total protein was isolated from the DMSO (control) and reversine treatment groups. The concentration of the protein was measured using a BCA assay. Western blotting was implemented in the light of standardized procedures using specific antibodies: PCNA (1:1000; Abcam, ab18197, Cambridge, Cambs, UK), Ki67 (1:1000, Proteintech, 27309-1-AP, Chicago, IL, USA), Bax (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, 2772 s, Danvers, MA, USA), Bcl-2 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, 3498 s, Danvers, MA, USA), E-cadherin (1:1000, immunoway, YT1454, Plano, TX, USA), MEK1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, 12671 s, Danvers, MA, USA), p-MEK1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, 9127 s, Danvers, MA, USA), ERK1/2 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, 4695 s, Danvers, MA, USA) and p-ERK1/2 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, 4370 s, Danvers, MA, USA). The internal control was β-actin (1:3000, Proteintech, 20536-1-AP, Chicago, IL, USA). Quantity One (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) was used to acquire and analyze the chemiluminescent signals. All samples were performed in triplicate.
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5

Comprehensive Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescence Analysis of Tumor Tissues

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Tumour tissues were fixed in 4% PFA, embedded in paraffin and sectioned, then 5‐µm sections were stained with haematoxylin and oeosin (H&E) for morphology analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were performed following a standard procedure.
28 The primary antibodies include: Ki‐67 (#ab16667; Abcam), β‐Catenin (#8480s; CST), E‐cadherin (#YM0207; IMMUNOWAY), N‐cadherin (#22018; PROTEIN TECH), DACH1 (#A3823; ABclonal), CEBPA (#8178S; CST), PAX8 (#ab97477; Abcam), cyclin D1 (#PTM‐6029; PTM BIO). To evaluate the staining intensity in IHC, the immunoreactive score (IRS Score) was calculated as previous study.
27 For IF staining, tissues were pretreated by 0.5% Triton X‐100, blocked with 5 mg/mL BSA and then incubated with primary antibody anti‐Thyroglobulin (#ab156008; Abcam) at 4°C overnight, followed with Goat anti‐Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross‐Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 594 (# A‐11012; Invitrogen) at room temperature for 2 h.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Cell lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer (#R0020; Solarbio) with protease inhibitors (1 mM PMSF, #P0100; Solarbio), separated with SDS‐PAGE and transferred onto PVDF membranes, which were blocked in 5% milk, and then incubated with the primary antibody overnight at 4°C followed with secondary antibody (mouse IgG, #5220‐0341; Seracare; rabbit IgG, #5220‐0336; Seracare) for 2 h. The primary antibodies were used as follows: β‐Catenin (#8480s; CST), E‐cadherin (#YM0207; IMMUNOWAY), N‐cadherin (#22018; PROTEINTECH), DACH1 (#A3823; ABclonal), CEBPA (#8178S; CST), p65 (#8242; CST), p‐p65 (#3033; CST), AKT (#4691; CST), p‐AKT (#4060; CST), LATS2 (#5888; CST), ERK1/2 (#4695; CST), p‐ERK1/2 (#4370; CST), p38 (#8690; CST), p‐p38 (#4511; CST), BRAF (#14814; CST), c‐Jun (#9165; CST), JunB (#3753; CST), c‐FOS (#2250; CST), TPO (#ab203057; Abcam), NIS (#ab242007; Abcam), PAX8 (#ab97477; Abcam), GSK3β (#A2081; ABclonal), p‐GSK3β (#AP0039; ABclonal).
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7

Investigating EMT Regulatory Pathways

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Antibodies against CMTM7 (ID: PA5-103744, Invitrogen, USA), Flag (ID: YM3001, Immunoway, China), IgG (ID: RS0002, Immunoway, China), E-cadherin (ID: 14472), N-cadherin (ID: 13116), vimentin (ID: 5741), cyclinD1 (ID: 55506), c-myc (ID: 18583), Survivin (ID: 2808), β-catenin (ID: 8480), α-catenin (ID: 2131) and β-actin (ID: 3700, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) were used. Reagents of decitabine (5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, MCE, USA), Adavivint (SM04690, GLPBIO, USA), and BML-284 (Wnt agonist 1, Adooq, USA) were used.
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8

Immunoblotting Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

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Cells were directly collected, and whole cell lysates (WCLs) were lysed in NP40 buffer supplemented with 20 mM β-glycerophosphate and 1 mM sodium orthovanadate. The following primary antibodies and reagents were used: Stat3 (60199-1-Ig, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA), p-Stat3 (Tyr705) (YP0251, Immunoway, Plano, TX, USA), CD44 (60224-1-Ig, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA), p-CD44 (Ser706) (YP0349, Immunoway, Plano, TX, USA), E-cadherin (YT1454, Immunoway, Plano, TX, USA), N-cadherin (YT2988, Immunoway, Plano, TX, USA), Snail (YT4351, Immunoway, TX, Plano, TX, USA), Claudin-1 (YT0942, Immunoway, Plano, TX, USA), ACTB (A5441, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), Afatinib (S1011, Selleckchem.com, Houston, TX, USA), IL-6 (90107ES08, Yeasen, Shanghai, China).
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