Excised einkorn and bread wheat mature embryos were used as explants for callus induction. Callus induction media composed of 4.4 g L−1 MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962 (link)) (Duchefa-Haarlem, Netherlands), 30 g L−1 sucrose (Merck Darmstadt, Germany), 8 g L−1 agar (Duchefa-Haarlem, Netherlands) and five different boron (Sigma-Aldrich-USA) concentrations of 0–37.2 mg L−1 (Normally MS media contain 6.2 mg L−1 boron). In addition, four different doses ranging from 0 to 4 mg L−1 of 2,4-D (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinhem, Germany) and Dicamba (Duchefa-Netherlands) were added to callus induction media. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.7 to 5.8 using 1 N HCl and 1 N NaOH before autoclaving (NC 40 M NUVE-Ankara, Turkey) at 121 °C and 1.06 kg cm−2 pressure for 15 min. Subcultures were performed every two weeks.
Detached embryos were placed into callus induction media with scutellum upwards. Each petri dish had 10 embryos in five replicates. The culture media were kept in the growth room at 25 ± 1 °C under dark conditions for four weeks. Callus weight of calli formed after 4 weeks were measured and recorded.
Detached embryos were placed into callus induction media with scutellum upwards. Each petri dish had 10 embryos in five replicates. The culture media were kept in the growth room at 25 ± 1 °C under dark conditions for four weeks. Callus weight of calli formed after 4 weeks were measured and recorded.