Duovisc

Rats from each group were anesthetized by a mixture of ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) i.p. After cutting the whiskers and eyelashes, disinfecting with iodine solution, and topically anesthetizing with 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops to the eye, the pupil was dilated with 5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide eye drops. The temporal conjunctiva was incised at 5 mm posterior to the limbus and separated from the sclera. For the non-RD group, the tip of a 30 G needle was lightly pierced into the posterior part of the sclera through the incision of the conjunctiva without injection. For the RD group and GTE group, about 2 µL of 1% sodium hyaluronate, DuoVisc^® (Alcon-Couvreur, Puurs, Belgium) was injected into the subretinal region through the posterior sclera to induce RD followed by corneal paracentesis with a 30 G needle to normalize the intraocular pressure [8 ]. Fundus photos were taken by the Eyemera Complete Eye Imaging System by IISCIENCE (San Jose, CA, USA) to demonstrate successful RD induction (Figure 2). Both eyes were induced for each rat. Four hours after the induction, the rats from the non-RD group and RD group were intragastrically (i.g.) fed with 0.5 mL water while GTE or EGCG was fed i.g. in an appropriate dose to the treatment groups. They were fed twice daily for three days.

All investigators involved in this study had been selected on the basis of their experience (high volume cataract surgeries for several years) and their acceptance of being videorecorded for the purpose of masked analysis of the pupil size and other endpoints. Additionally, the randomization (ICMA vs. topical eye drops) was performed just before the surgery in order to keep the groups comparable (no possibility of changing the surgeon at the last moment), which was verified (comparable numbers of patients randomized in each group for a given investigator). Mydrane (Laboratoires Théa, Clermont-Ferrand, France) is a commercially available, injectable solution of 1% lidocaine combined with 0.31% phenylephrine and 0.02% tropicamide. Patients in the ICMA Group were injected with 200 μL of ICMA in the anterior chamber just after the first corneal incision. In the Topical Group, the patients received 1 drop each of tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%, repeated 3 times at 10-min intervals beginning 30 min before surgery. Preoperatively, both groups received the same regimen of tetracaine 1% (1–2 drops at 5 and 1 min before surgery). Duovisc (Alcon Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) viscoelastic was used for all surgeries.