Tga dsc 1 thermogravimetric analyzer

The thermal stabilities of PLA and PLA/SF scaffolds were analyzed by a TGA/DSC1 thermogravimetric analyzer (Mettler Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland) at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under nitrogen from 25 to 500 °C. The thermal properties of scaffolds were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on a Pyris Diamond DSC machine (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) in nitrogen atmosphere. The samples were heated from 25 to 200 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min (first-heating scan). After keeping the specimens at 200 °C for 5 min, they were cooled to 25 °C at 10 °C/min. Then, they were heated again to 200 °C at 10 °C/min (second-heating scan). The glass transition temperature ( ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{g}}$ ), the melting temperature ( ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ ), the cold crystallization temperature ( ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$ ), the cold crystallization enthalpy ( $\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{cc}}),$ and the melting enthalpy ( $\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ ) were determined from the first and second heating scan. The melt crystallization temperature ( ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ ) and the crystallization enthalpy ( $\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ ) were obtained from the cooling scan. The degree of crystallinity (% ${\mathsf{\chi }}_{\mathrm{c}}$ ) of PLA and biocomposites was determined by Equation (1): $$\%\mathrm{Crystallinity}({\mathsf{\chi }}_{\mathrm{c}})=[(\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{m}})/(\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{m}}^0\left)\right]\times 100\times 1/{\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{PLA}}$$
in which $\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ is the measured melting enthalpy (J/g) from the heating scan, $\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{m}}^0$ is the theoretical melting enthalpy of completely crystalline PLA (93.7 J/g) [28 ,29 (link)], and W_PLA is the PLA weight fraction in the biocomposites.

TGA thermograms were obtained using a TGA/DSC 1-Thermogravimetric Analyzer (Mettler Toledo). Thermograms were recorded under an N₂ atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹, from 50 to 500 °C, with an average sample weight of ca. 10 mg. Aluminium pans were used for all samples. Decomposition temperatures were reported as the 5% weight loss temperature (T_{d 5%}).

TG analysis was carried out using a TGA/DSC 1 thermogravimetric analyzer (Mettler Toledo Corporation, Zurich, Switzerland) within a temperature range from room temperature to 800 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. A total of 5–10 mg sample was tested for films before and after mulching in the field.