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Anti ace2

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States

Anti-ACE2 is a laboratory reagent used in research applications. It is an antibody that specifically binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein. ACE2 is a receptor that allows certain viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, to enter and infect human cells. The Anti-ACE2 reagent can be used to study the interaction between ACE2 and these viruses, as well as the potential therapeutic targeting of ACE2.

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6 protocols using anti ace2

1

Western Blot Analysis of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The PVN tissue was homogenized in a lysis buffer, and the protein concentration in the supernatant was measured with the BCA protein assay Kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). Equivalent amounts of protein were separated on 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA). The membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat dry milk and then incubated using a primary antibody at 4°C overnight. The following primary antibodies used in this study have been verified in previous published literatures: anti-renin (sc-22752) [20 (link)], anti-AT1-R (sc-1173) [21 (link),22 (link)], anti-AT2-R (sc-9040) [23 (link)], anti-ACE-1 (sc-20791) [22 (link)], anti-ACE-2 (sc-20998) [24 (link)], anti-TNF-α (sc-1350) [25 (link)], anti-IL-1β (sc-7884) [25 (link)], anti-IL-10 (sc-57245) [26 (link)], and anti- β-actin (sc-47778) [22 (link)] (all antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA). After three washings, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated second antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc, Santa Cruz, CA) for 1 h at room temperature. The signal was visualized using the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system (Amersham), and the densities of the immunobands were quantitated using NIH ImageJ software (Bethesda, MD, USA). All data were corrected by β-actin.
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2

Investigating ACE2 and Vimentin Interactions

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Cell were lyzed with RIPA buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 200 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, pH 7.5) and lysates were incubated with either anti-ACE2 or anti-vimentin antibody-conjugated protein G agarose beads (Abcam) overnight at 4°C. Beads were then washed with RIPA 1X buffer and bound proteins were eluted with Glycine 0.2M, pH 2.5. Eluted proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane, and analyzed by Western blot. Membranes were saturated using PBS with 0.05% Tween 20 (PBST) supplemented with 3% powdered milk for 45 min and incubated with anti-vimentin (Santa Cruz) or anti-ACE2 (Santa Cruz) antibodies overnight at 4°C on a shaker. Membranes were then washed and incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody (Pierce) for 2 h. Proteins were visualized using the chemiluminescence reaction HRP Substrate (Millipore), and image acquisition was done by using a Fusion Fx imaging system (Vilber Lourmat).
For detection of vimentin secretion, cell supernatants were centrifuged or not to remove cell debris, subjected to lyophilization for 24 h and resuspended in RIPA buffer. Culture medium alone was processed accordingly as negative control. Proteins were then separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane, and analyzed by Western blot.
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3

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Cells

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Anti-ACE2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, SC-390851, Dallas, TX, USA), anti-SATB2 (Abcam, ab51502, Eugene, OR, USA), anti-beta III Tubulin (TUJ-1) (Abcam, ab14545), anti-MAP2 (EMD Millipore, AB2290, Burlington, MA, USA), Anti-LaminA/C (Cell Signaling Technology, 2032, Danvers, MA, USA), and anti-SOX2 (Abcam, ab59776) antibodies were used as primary antibodies for immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblot assays. Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L), TRITC (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A16101, Waltham, MA, USA), and goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L), Alexa Fluor 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A11001) were used as secondary antibodies for immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L), HRP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 31460) and goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L), HRP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 31430) were used as secondary antibodies for immunoblot assay.
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4

Quantification of Protein Levels in Hippocampus

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The protein levels of megalin, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were measured using western blotting. The hippocampal tissue was lysed using lysis buffer (Pre-prep, Intron). The protein was purified and quantified using a microplate reader. The quantified protein samples were loaded to 8-10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gels were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) and incubated in blocking buffer (5% nonfat dry milk in Tris-buffered saline containing Tween-20) for 1 hour. The membranes were incubated with 1 : 1000 of anti-megalin (Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A., Sc515772), anti-ACE2 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A., Sc390851), anti-TNFα (Abcam, Cambridge, England, Ab6671), and anti-rabbit monoclonal β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA, D6A8). Then, membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase- (HRP-) conjugated secondary antibodies (anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked (Cell Signaling Technology, #7074S) and goat anti-mouse IgG H&L (HRP) (Abcam, Cambridge, England, #ab97023)). Protein bands were evaluated using an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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5

Cerebral RAS Components Expression Analysis

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Expressions of cerebral RAS component AGT, ACE1, ACE2, and AT1awere measured by western blotting, as previous described 30 (link), 35 (link). Briefly, cortex or hypothalamus tissue was homogenized in cold lysis buffer (Bio-Rad). Equal amount of protein (80 ug) from each homogenate or lysate was resolved by 10% SDS-PAGE. Proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes (Hybond TM-ECL; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Inc.). The membranes were blocked for 2 h at room temperature with 5% skimmed milk in PBS and 0.1% Tween 20. The blots were incubated overnight with 1:1000 diluted primary antibodies: monoclonal anti-AGT, monoclonal anti-ACE1, anti-ACE2, anti-AT1a, and anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotech, Inc.), followed by incubation for 1 h with a secondary antibody (HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG; 1:2000). Immunoreactive bands were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) and analyzed by NIH image software. Data were normalized by GAPDH.
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6

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis

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Forty-eight hours post transfection, HEK293 cells seeded in 6 well-plates were lysed according to manufacturers’ instructions in RIPA lysis buffer (Pierce Inc.) along with protease inhibitor cocktail (Pierce). Total proteins were quantified by the colorimetric bicinchoninic acid protein assay (BCA kit, Pierce). 20 µg total protein lysate was resolved on 4–12% SDS-PAGE precast gradient gel (GeneScript) followed by transfer into PVDF membrane. Membrane was then incubated with primary antibodies: anti-ACE2 (1:1000 Santa Cruz, cat# sc-390851) anti-Flag antibody (1:1000 Cell Signaling, cat # 8146S), anti-GFP (1:1000 Cell Signaling, cat# 2955S) and anti-actin (1:1000 Santa Cruz Biotechnology, cat# sc-47778) and their corresponding secondary antibodies (Sigma-Aldrich). Membranes were then incubated with Enhanced Chemiluminescence Plus reagent (Pierce) and developed using the Typhoon FLA 9500 imager (GE Healthcare Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA). Blot analysis quantification was then performed using ImageJ software [28 (link)].
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