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Staphylococcus epidermidis s epidermidis

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Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative bacterium commonly found on the human skin and mucous membranes. It is a member of the normal human microbiome and is considered an opportunistic pathogen.

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4 protocols using staphylococcus epidermidis s epidermidis

1

Microgel Synthesis and Antimicrobial Assays

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For the synthesis of the microgels: N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, 99%) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA, 98%, Aldrich, St. Quentin Fallavier, France) were used as monomers. N,N’-Methylenbis(acrylamide) (MBA, Aldrich), was used as the crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS, Aldrich) was the initiator of the reaction. Iodomethane (Aldrich, 99%) and 1-iodobutane (Aldrich, 99%) were employed as the alkylating agent. Anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) (99.5% purity) and hexane (95%) was supplied by Sigma Aldrich, as used as received.
For the microbiological assays: Sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.9%, BioXtra, Steinheim, Germany, suitable for cell cultures) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Aldrich. The microbial growth media, BBLTM Mueller Hinton broth was obtained from Becton, Dickinson and Company (Madrid, Spain). Sheep blood (5%) Columbia Agar plates were acquired from BioMérieux (Madrid, Spain). Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 29213) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis, ATCC 12228), were used as bacterial strains, and the yeast Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis, ATCC 22109) was used as fungal strain and purchased from Oxoid (Wesel, Germany).
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2

Antimicrobial Activity of Ulvan Nanoparticles

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Ulvan was extracted from green algae Ulva Lactuca Linn., ethanol, boric acid, glycerol, deionized water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) media, silver nitrate, anhydrous calcium chloride, silver nitrate (AgNO3), Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Star® Ag gel, Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC® 35281), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC® 25923), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa, ATCC® 9027), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis, ATCC® 12228) were purchased from Microbiologics.
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3

Bacterial Strain Characterization Protocol

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Freeze dried S. aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (ATCC 12228), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 13115), E. coli* (ATCC 15597), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (ATCC 29212), and Enterococcus casseliflavus (E. casseliflavus) (ATCC 9199) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and revived according to ATCC protocols. ATCC bacteria culture stocks were stored at −80 °C in a cryomedium to glycerol ratio of 3:2. When needed, bacteria cultures were inoculated into the brain hearth infusion (BHI) liquid media and incubated at 37 °C.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of DAMBA Precursor

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The natural product, dehydroabietic acid (DA), was obtained via reported purification procedures from the commercially disproportionated rosin (Guangxi Jinxiu Songyuan Forest Products Co., Ltd.)53 (link). Its derivative which is synchronically used as the precursor in this work, DAMBA, was synthesized according to the procedures previously reported in the literature41 . All kinds of substituted salicylaldehyde (Energy Chemical, 98%), 2-bromoaniline (Energy Chemical, 98%), and chloroform-d3 (CDCl3, J&K Scientific, 99.8%) were used without further purification. All the organic solvents were purchased from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. and used without further purifications. Milli-Q water was from a Milli-Q purification system (Merck Millipore, Germany). Dulbecco’s minimum essential medium (DMEM) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Gibco. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Invitrogen. Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and LB agar were from USB Co. Zinc dust. Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (ATCC 12228) were from ATCC. COS-7 cells (ATCC® CRL-1651™) were from ATCC
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