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51 protocols using isopropanol

1

Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

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Adipogenic differentiation was induced by culturing the cells for 7 d in adipocyte
differentiation medium (#DM-2; DS Pharma Biomedical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan). The cells
were further cultured in adipocyte maintenance medium (#AM-1; DS Pharma Biomedical) for 7
d. Differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining of intracellular lipid droplets.
Differentiated Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) were fixed in a 10% formaldehyde solution
(Wako, Osaka, Japan) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Wako) for at least 10 min, washed
with 60% isopropanol (Wako), and stained with Oil Red O solution (Wako) for 10 min
followed by repeated washing with water and destaining in 100% isopropanol for 1 min25 (link),26 (link).
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2

Liver Histological Staining Protocols

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Frozen sections of liver sample with 8 µm thickness were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for HE staining. For evaluation of liver fibrosis, Picro-Sirius Red staining was performed as described before42 (link). For Oil Red O staining, the sections were stained with Mayer’s hematoxylin solution (Wako) after rinsing with PBS. Then, the sections were washed with running water, incubated in 60% isopropanol (Wako), stained with Oil Red O staining solution (SIGMA), and reincubated in 60% isopropanol. Finally, the sections were washed with running water and mounted with fluoromount (Cosmo Bio, Japan).
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3

Reagents for Molecular Biology Protocols

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Isopropanol, ethanol, sucrose, glycerol, Tris, EDTA‐2K, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Co.. Meanwhile, 1 M Tris‐HCl (pH 9.0), 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0), 10% SDS, TE buffer, TE‐saturated phenol, phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), and 3 M sodium acetate (pH 5.2) were purchased from Nippon Gene Co., Ltd..
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Lipidomics Sample Preparation Protocol

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AminoxyTMT sixplex Label Reagent Set was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Phospholipid mixtures were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Lipid mediator standards, 12-HETE, 20-HETE, TXB2, PGE2, arachidonic acid, tetranor-PGDM, and 20-carboxy-LTB4 were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). LPA (16:0), LPA (18:1), and PA (36:2) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). DMTMM and 4-methylmorpholine (NMM) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was obtained from Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Osaka, Japan). Special grade reagents of ammonium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and 1-buthanol, and HPLC grade solvents of methanol, isopropanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Co. The authentic lipid standard stock solutions were 12-HETE (0.6 μg/mL), 20-HETE (0.6 μg/mL), TXB2 (0.6 μg/mL), PGE2 (0.6 μg/mL), AA (0.6 μg/mL), tetranor-PGDM (0.6 μg/mL), 20-carboxy-LTB4 (0.6 μg/mL), LPA(16:0) (10 μM), LPA (18:1) (10 μM), PA (36:2) (5 μg/mL).
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5

Ecdysone Dose-Response Experiment

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The molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in 10% isopropanol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) to make a 1 mg/mL stock solution. The 1 mg/mL stock solution of 20E was adjusted to 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, or 200 µg/mL with 10% isopropanol, and 50 µL of each diluted solution was injected into the hemocoel of day 4 fifth instar larvae. Thus, the final concentrations for the injections were 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 µg/larva. The control larvae were injected with 50 µL of 10% isopropanol. After 24 or 48 h, the fat bodies were dissected from the larvae in each group.
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6

Fatty Acid Profiling in Cell Culture

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, low-glucose), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), trypsin-EDTA, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin (100 U/mL) were purchased from Gibco (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Ammonium formate, trifluoroacetate, isopropanol, and methanol were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Palmitic acid (FA16:0), oleic acid (FA18:1), linoleic acid (FA18:2), linolenic acid (FA18:3), arachidonic acid (FA20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (FA20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (FA22:6) were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Unless otherwise specified, other reagents were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (San Jose, CA, USA).
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7

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DNA Damage Assays

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5-ALA hydrochloride, RPMI 1680 medium, penicillin, streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NaOH, N,N-dimethylformamide, isopropanol, propidium iodide (PI), RNase, and D-luciferin were purchased from Wako Chemicals (Osaka, Japan). A modified Lowry protein assay kit was purchased from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). Aminophenyl fluorescein (APF) was purchased from Goryo Chemical (Sapporo, Japan). A DNA damage detection kit (containing γH2AX monoclonal antibody and secondary antibody) was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). A MitoPT® TMRE Mitochondrial Depolarization Assay Kit was purchased from ImmunoChemistry Technology (Bloomington, MN, USA).
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Genomic DNA Extraction from Plant Leaves

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Total genomic DNA from both parental individuals and the F1 progeny was extracted as follows: About 100 mg milled leaf tissue was mixed with 500 μl lysis buffer (0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 20 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8.0 at 25°C], 5 mM EDTA, 400 mM NaCl) and 4 μl RNase A (100 mg/ml; Qiagen Inc., CA, USA), and incubated at 65°C for 10 min. The mixture was then centrifuged (14,000 rpm, 20°C) for 2 min. Buffer AP2 (130 μl; Qiagen Inc.) was added to the cleared lysate and the samples were mixed, incubated on ice for 5 min, and centrifuged for 2 min (14,000 rpm, 20°C). Then, 500 μl isopropanol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was added to the supernatant, and the samples were mixed by inversion, incubated for 5 min at room temperature, and centrifuged for 10 min. The DNA pellet was washed twice with 500 μl of 70% ethanol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). After each wash, the sample was centrifuged for 5 min, and 500 μl of 99.5% ethanol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to the pellet. After incubation for 5 min at room temperature, the sample was centrifuged for 5 min and resuspended in 100 μl Tris-EDTA buffer.
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9

Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Protocol

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Isopropanol, ethylene glycol (EG), DMAc, potassium hydroxide, HAuCl4 and NaBH4 were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., and used as received. PyPBI was prepared according to a previous paper38 . Graphite (average diameter; 50 μm) was kindly provided by the Ito Graphite Co., Ltd.
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10

Lipidomic Analysis Using LC-MS

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Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS) grade methanol, isopropanol, chloroform, and 1 M ammonium acetate solution were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). The EquiSPLASH Lipidomix quantitative standard (100 µg/mL) and oleic acid-d9 for MS was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA).
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