Methanol isocratic grade

The drugs used were: acetylcholine (ACh) as chloride, indomethacin (Indo), N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) hydrochloride, noradrenaline (NA) as hydrochloride, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2) (Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) and pinacidil (Cayman Chemical, Hamburg, Germany). Indomethacin was dissolved in ethanol. NA was dissolved in a mixture of sodium chloride + ascorbic acid (0.9% and 0.01% w/v, respectively). Other drugs were prepared in distilled water. The stock solutions (10 mM) were maintained at −20 °C, and appropriate dilutions were made in Krebs-Henseleit solution (KHS; mM; NaCl 115, CaCl₂ 2.5, KCl 4.6, KH₂PO₄ 1.2, MgSO₄ 1.2, NaHCO₃ 25 and glucose 11.1 at pH 7.4) on the day of the experiment.
Cytochrome c, dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), formic acid, hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid of LC-MS grade were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (isocratic grade) and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other reagents were of analytical grade and were provided by commercial suppliers.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), formic acid (LC-MS grade), and H₂O₂ were purchased from Sigma-Merck (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (isocratic grade) and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Other reagents represented analytical grades and were provided by commercial suppliers, including POCh, (Poland), Acros (Poland), and Chempur (Poland).

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), H₂O₂, and formic acid (LC-MS grade) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO., USA). Methanol (isocratic grade) and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All remaining reagents represented analytical grade and were provided by commercial suppliers.
A stock solution of A. melanocarpa berry extract (commercial product – Aronox® by Agropharm Ltd., Poland; batch No. 020/2007 k) was prepared in H₂O at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, then kept frozen and subsequently used for experiments. The total content of phenolics in the phenolic-rich powder used in this study amounted to 309.6 mg/g of extract, including phenolic acids (isomers of chlorogenic acid) – 149.2 mg/g of extract, anthocyanins (anthocyanin glycosides: cyanidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-arabinoside, cyanidin 3-xyloside) – 110.7 mg/g, and flavonoids (quercetin glycosides) – 49.7 mg/g of extract. The HPLC determination of the phenolic-rich extract from A. melanocarpa berries had been previously described [12 (link)–14 (link)].
The grape seed extract was supplied by Bionorica (Germany) and was characterized by a total content of phenolics equalling 500 mg/g of extract [13 (link)]. A stock solution of grape seed extract was prepared in 50% DMSO.