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5 protocols using apo ciii

1

Immunohistochemical Staining of ApoE, ApoC-III, and ApoA-1

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The 4-µm thick biopsy specimens were first deparaffinized in xylene I and II for 10 minutes each, rehydrated in ethanol I, ethanol II, 95% ethanol, and 80% ethanol for 5 minutes each, and rinsed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH7.4) twice for 5 minutes each. Samples were then soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes, followed by a rinse with tap water. A SPlink Detection kit (ZSGC-BIO/ORIGENE, Shenzhen, China) was used for immunohistochemical staining following the manufacture's protocol. Briefly, samples were heated in 0.01 M sodium citrate (pH6.0) for 10 minutes at 95℃, followed by three rinses with PBS for 5 minutes each. Samples were incubated with primary antibodies (rabbit anti-ApoE, ApoC-III, and ApoA-1, diluted 100, 100, and 200 times, respectively; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) for 2–3 hours at room temperature, and then rinsed three times with PBS for 5 minutes each. Samples were incubated with secondary antibody (biotin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG at a dilution of 1:400) for 20 minutes at room temperature, followed by three rinses with PBS for 5 minutes each. Samples were then stained with DAB kit (ZSGC-BIO/ORIGENE) following the manufacture's protocol and mounted with neutral resin on slides.
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2

Differentiation of Mycoplasma-free C2C12 Myotubes

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Mouse mycoplasma free C2C12 cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were maintained, grown and differentiated to myotubes as previously described [15 (link)]. ATCC provided authentication of the cells. Where indicated, cells were treated with 10 μmol/l U0126, 100 μg/ml apoCIII (purity > 95%) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), 50 μg/ml TLR2 neutralising antibody (InvivoGen) or control non-immune IgG for 24 h. Cells were transiently transfected with 50 nmol/l siRNA against extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA) and siRNA control using Lipofectamine 2000 (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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3

Quantification of Plasma ANGPTL3, PCSK9, and Apo CIII

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Using commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits, levels of ANGPTL3 (cat # ab254510, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PCSK9 (cat # 443107, Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA) and Apo CIII (cat # ab154131, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) were measured in 200 μL aliquots of plasma samples, in compliance with manufacturer’s instructions. All plasma samples were assayed in duplicate. Intra-assay (mean ± SD) & inter-assay coefficients of variation were: 4.0 ± 4.1% & 17.3% for ANGPTL3, 2.2 ± 1.9% & 15.1% for PCSK9 and 12.0 ± 10.7% & 23.4% for Apo CIII, respectively.
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4

HDL Composition Analysis by Ultracentrifugation

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For the analysis of HDL composition, HDL was isolated from 200 μl of plasma by tabletop sequential ultracentrifugation (1.063 < d < 1.21) as described44 (link), and total and free cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides were determined enzymatically using commercially available reagents (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Neuss, Germany). Protein concentrations were measured with the BCA assay (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). Commercially available ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to determine human SAA (Biosupply, Bradford, UK) and apoC-III (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) in HDL.
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5

Lipid Nanoparticle Characterization

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2 µL solution containing LNPcor or corresponding control samples was spotted to Nitrocellulose membranes (#LC2001, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Membranes were blocked with Intercept (TBS) blocking buffer (LI-COR) for 30 min at RT and incubated with primary antibodies Cy5 (#ab52061, Abcam), PEG (#ab51257, Abcam), Apo AII (#ab92478, Abcam), Apo CII (#ab230447, Abcam), Apo CIII (#ab76305, Abcam) and ApoE (#ab183597, Abcam) where appropriate, diluted 1:1000 in blocking buffer at for 30 min at RT. Membranes were washed three times with 0.1% TBS-Tween and incubated for 30 min at RT with IRDye 680RD Goat anti-Mouse IgG (#926-68070, LI-COR Biotechnology) and 800CW goat anti-rabbit IgG (#926-32211, LI-COR Biotechnology) diluted 1:2000 in 0.1% TBS-Tween. Following three washes, membranes were visualized with the Odyssey CLx imaging system and processed in Image Studio (v4.0, LI-COR).
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