The isolation of the pore solution depended on the physical state of the paste, as follows. Sufficiently liquid pastes, prior to their setting, were centrifuged at 3600 rpm for 5 min. Consequently, the supernatant was filtered through a nylon syringe filter (0.45 μm) and 1 mL of it was diluted in a plastic volumetric flask with demineralized water. The pore solutions of the set or hardened specimens were obtained using the press-die method and then processed in the same manner as those of the centrifuged samples. The conductivity and pH values of the diluted pore solutions were determined using a SevenCompact Duo S213 equipped with InLab 731 and InLab Expert Pro (Mettler Toledo GmbH, Greifensee, Switzerland). Elemental compositions (concentration of Na, Si, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Ti, Mg) were analyzed using optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (ICP–OES).
Inlab expert pro
Manufactured by Mettler Toledo
Sourced in Switzerland, United States
The InLab Expert Pro is a high-quality pH electrode designed for laboratory applications. It features a robust glass body, a refillable reference system, and a temperature sensor for accurate pH measurement. The electrode is suitable for a wide range of pH applications and provides reliable performance in various sample types.
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Lab products found in correlation
Seven easy ph, by Mettler Toledo (2 mentions)
Sevencompact duo s213, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Inlab 731, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
H2so4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
S40 sevenmulti, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Mp 4200, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Dk 20, by VELP Scientifica (1 mentions)
Nanodrop one, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ultra plus fesem, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Seveneasy, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Chn analyzer 2400 2, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Inlab reference 51 343 190, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
2400 series 2 chns o elemental analyzer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Sevencompact ph ion meter, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Seven compact, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Inlab micro pro, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
16 protocols using inlab expert pro
1
Pore Solution Characterization in Cement Pastes
2
Preparation and Characterization of Bioactive Dairy Yogurt
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We prepared 2 types of yogurts, normal yogurt (Nyogurt) and DSW-containing yogurt (DSW-yogurt). The N-yogurt was manufactured as follows: 70% fresh market cow milk was mixed with 3% skim milk powder (calorie, 3,550 kcal/kg; carbohydrate, 52%; fat, 1%; protein, 35%; Ca, 1.1%; Na, 0.6%; Seoul Dairy Cooperative, Seoul, Korea), 3% glucose, and 24% deionized water, sterilized at 95°C for 15 min and cooled to 40°C. Then, 0.025% (wt/wt) lactase (Ha-Lactase, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark) and 2% (wt/wt) starter culture were added; we used salt-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB; Lactobacillus pentosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus) in consideration of the salt contained in DSW. The mixture was fermented at 38°C for 12 h.
In DSW-yogurt, 10% DSW instead of 10% deionized water was used; otherwise, the process was the same. The final products were stored at 4°C until use. The pH value of N-yogurt and DSW-yogurt was measured using a pH meter (SevenEasy pH, Mettler-Toledo AG, Zurich, Switzerland) equipped with an electrode (InLab Expert Pro, Mettler-Toledo AG). Their LAB population was determined by culture in MRS agar containing 0.02% sodium azide. Both yogurts had same pH value (4.5) and LAB count (9.1 log 10 cfu/g).
In DSW-yogurt, 10% DSW instead of 10% deionized water was used; otherwise, the process was the same. The final products were stored at 4°C until use. The pH value of N-yogurt and DSW-yogurt was measured using a pH meter (SevenEasy pH, Mettler-Toledo AG, Zurich, Switzerland) equipped with an electrode (InLab Expert Pro, Mettler-Toledo AG). Their LAB population was determined by culture in MRS agar containing 0.02% sodium azide. Both yogurts had same pH value (4.5) and LAB count (9.1 log 10 cfu/g).
3
Calcium Phosphate Precipitation Titration Protocol
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Detailed experimental protocols of the titration method are given in the Supplementary Methods . In general, calcium stock solutions (containing 100 mmol NaCl, 20 mmol CaCl2, 20 mmol Tris, and 17.5 mL of 1.0 M HCl solution per liter of solution) are titrated dropwise into 50 mL phosphate solution (containing 100 mmol NaCl, 4 mmol Na2HPO4·2H2O, 20 mmol Tris, and 17.5 mL of 1.0 M HCl solution per liter of solution) under constant magnetic stirring. The titration rate is kept constant for different materials near 0.1 mL/min. The real titration rate in all experiments was calibrated to be 0.077 mL/min. During the titration experiment, the temperature is controlled at 25.0 ± 1.0 °C. The starting pH of the solution is calculated to be 7.45 using a thermodynamic model (Supplementary Note 1 ). The pH, free calcium ion concentration, and temperature are monitored in situ and recorded by a combined pH electrode with a temperature probe (InLab Expert Pro, Mettler Toledo) and calcium ion selective electrode (perfectION Ca combination electrode, Mettler Toledo). Four titanium powders were tested in the titration experiment. In total, 0.1 g of powder was used for 50 mL starting volume of phosphate solution.
4
Fecal Output and Consistency Evaluation
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The fecal output was measured every day. For five consecutive days of the collecting phase, the feces were collected in their entirety and individually every 30 min. According to Moxham [35 ], the fecal consistency was measured on a five-point scale (1 = very hard, 2 = solid, well-formed “optimum”, 3 = soft, still formed, 4 = pasty, slushy, and 5 = watery diarrhea). To verify the pH of fresh pooled feces, the samples were combined in a 1:5 ratio with distilled water, shaken, and left for 1 min at room temperature, followed by measuring with a pH meter (InLab® Expert Pro, Mettler-Toledo International Inc., Columbus, OH, USA).
5
Fecal Nutrient and Metabolite Analysis
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Total N was measured with a Kjeldahl apparatus. Ammonia nitrogen was also measured with a Kjeldahl, after distillation followed by titration of distillate with sulphuric acid. The determination of pH was conducted with a pH meter (Mettler Toledo InLab Expert Pro) starting from 2 g of faeces mixed with deionized water 1:1 (wt/vol). The concentration of SCFA (acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric) and lactic acid of fecal samples was measured by HPLC according to the procedure previously described by Sandri et al. (2017) (link). Individual SCFA and lactic acid concentrations were calculated with reference to a standard solution of 50.0 mmol/L lactic acid, 89.0 mmol/L acetic acid, 77.8 mmol/L propionic acid, 86.6 mmol/L butyric acid and isobutyric acid, 94.0 mmol/L valeric acid and isovaleric acid in 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 (Sigma–Aldrich Co., Milan, Italy). Quantification was calculated using an external calibration curve based on the standards described above. Total acid (TA) was determined as a sum of SCFA and lactic acid; single acid concentration was expressed as molar percentage of the TA.
6
Kinetic Analysis of LA Degradation
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Twelve or more test tubes were laid in a thermostat bath at predefined temperature and were periodically withdrawn during a kinetic run. Withdrawn samples were rapidly cooled in ice to quench the reaction and were stored in an ice bath until analysis within 2 h. Each study was comprised of twelve or more assays spaced to provide change of ~ 0.1 per samples. After NMR analysis, degradation samples were diluted with an equal volume of 0.3 M phosphoric acid. 2 μL diluted samples were injected into LC-MSn system for tentative structure elucidation of the degradation products.
The influences of temperature and pH values on degradation of LA were investigated. The influence of temperature on degradation was investigated in phosphate buffer solutions at a pH value of 4.75. The reaction rate constants were calculated at 80, 91 and 100°C, respectively. The effect of pH values on degradation was determined at 91°C in phosphate buffer solutions. Specific experimental conditions were listed inTable 2 . All the pH measurements were performed on a pH meter (S40 SevenMulti, Mettler-Toledo GmbH, Greifensee, Switzerland) equipped with combination pH electrode (InLab Expert Pro).
The influences of temperature and pH values on degradation of LA were investigated. The influence of temperature on degradation was investigated in phosphate buffer solutions at a pH value of 4.75. The reaction rate constants were calculated at 80, 91 and 100°C, respectively. The effect of pH values on degradation was determined at 91°C in phosphate buffer solutions. Specific experimental conditions were listed in
7
Soil Chemical Properties Assessment
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We determined soil pH, total N and organic C, as well as content of plant available P, K, Mg and Ca in soils. All soil samples were air dried after sampling at room temperature and thereafter sieved using a sieve with 2 mm openings (Retsch, Haan, Germany). Soil pH was measured in 1M KCl solution following ISO 10390:2005 using the Mettler Toledo pH meter Seven Easy with electrode Mettler Toledo InLab Expert Pro. The content of total N in soil was determined using the Kjeldahl method [47 ] with the digestion block DK-20 and distillation unit UDK-126 produced by Velp Scientifica Srl (Usmate, Italy). For the determination of organic carbon content in the soil Tjurin’s method was used, in which oxidation was provided by boiling soil samples in sulfuric acid + K2Cr2O7 solution [48 ]. For determination of soil plant available P, the Mehlich III extraction method was used [49 ]. The content of elements in the Mehlich III extract was determined using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer MP-4200 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Chemical analyses were performed at the Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
8
Bacterial Growth in Sweetened Media
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Overnight cultures of S. mutans and S. sanguinis were inoculated separately in six sterile 15 ml centrifuge tubes, each of them containing 5 ml different growth media (BHI, BHI with 1% sucrose, and BHI with four sweeteners). After incubation at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 h, we suspended the cultures and measured their OD600nm using Nanodrop One (Thermo Fisher Scientific Waltham, MA, USA) with cuvettes (light path = 10 mm). The cultures were then recollected, centrifuged at 5000 g for 10 min to remove the precipitation. The pH values of culture supernatants were then recorded by pH electrode InLab Expert Pro (Mettler Toledo, Melbourne, Australia).
9
Measuring Fecal pH Daily
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To determine the pH of fresh pooled feces on a daily basis, the samples were mixed 1:5 with distilled water, shaken, left at room temperature for 1 min and then measured with a pH meter (InLab® Expert Pro, Mettler-Toledo International Inc., Columbus, OH, USA).
10
Preparation and Characterization of Kampo Decoctions
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A daily dosage of crude drugs compounded according to each Kampo formulas was decocted with 600 ml ion-exchanged and distilled water using an electric heater (HMJ-1000N; HARIO Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for 60 min. The decoction was filtered then cooled down to room temperature. The pH value was measured by a pH meter (SevenEasy pH; Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) using electrodes (InLab Expert Pro). Finally, the filtrate was lyophilized to powder. The extract was stored at −20 °C before use. In the case of Shoseiryuto (Sho-seiryu-To), the extracts of crude drugs and Kampo formulas without one crude drug were prepared in the same manner.
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