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10 protocols using digiprep jr

1

Trace Metal Extraction Protocol

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All the chemicals used were of analytical grade, and most of them were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Arsenic(III) and heavy metal standard solutions (1000 mg L−1, SPEX Certiprep) were employed for the preparation of working standard solutions. Ultrapure water from a Milli-Q system (18 MΩ cm, Millipore) was used throughout the experiments.
All bottles and glassware were cleaned with 0.5 M nitric acid and rinsed with ultrapure water before use to lessen potential contamination. Polypropylene centrifuge tubes (50 mL) were used for the extraction experiments.
The equipment located at the CIEMAT facilities for the sequential chemical extraction procedures consisted of a vortex mixer (Fisherbrand), an end-over-end shaker (Bunsen), a bench-top centrifuge (Eppendorf 5804), a thermostatic bath (Tectron 200, P Selecta) and a graphite block digestion system (DigiPREP Jr, SCP Science).
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2

Quantifying Intracellular Iron in Biofilms

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Biofilms were weighed and then digested using 0.8 mL of nitric acid (trace metals grade; Fischer Scientific) on an SCP science Digiprep Jr at 65 °C for 45 min. After the digestion, 0.4 mL was transferred into a 15 mL falcon tube and filled with Milli-Q water to reach a final volume of 10 mL. For intracellular Fe quantification, cells were isolated from the matrix from an optimized protocol develop elsewhere22 (link). Total biofilms were recovered in 1 mL of oxalate/EDTA (0.1 M/0.05 M) and incubated at room temperature (RT) for 7 min. Samples were centrifugated at 6500 × g for 7 min. The supernatant was discarded, and cells were resuspended in 1 mL NaCl 0.5 M before being sonicated for 30 s at 30% amplitude. NaOH was added to the supernatant at a final concentration of 0.1 M and incubated for 5 min at RT. Samples were centrifugated at 6500 × g for 7 min and resuspended again in 1 mL of oxalate/EDTA (0.1 M/0.05 M) for 7 min. Samples were centrifugated like the previous steps and pellets were resuspended in diluted oxalate/EDTA solution (0.025 M/0.0125 M) for 7 min. Finally, cells were centrifugated and stored at 4 °C until analysis. Cells were digested as described above. Samples were analyzed for Fe content on an ICP-MS XSeries 2; Thermo Scientific and on an ICP-MS Agilent 7850 equipped with an autosampler SPS 4.
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3

Determination of Arsenic in Microalgae

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The total concentrations of arsenic in the freshwater microalgae were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, SPQ 9000, SEIKO, Japan). Filter paper containing microalgal cells was digested by a microwave digestion system (Multiwave 3000, Anton Paar) using the Sea 1-h method. After that, digested liquors were co-washed with 15 mL of ultrapure water and transferred to heat-resistant DigiTUBEs (DigiPREP Jr, SCP SCIENCE). Tubes were then heated on hot plates at 100 °C for 6–7 h. After evaporation, 2 mL of deionized water was added to the samples, and they were then subjected to ICP-MS for the quantification of the total arsenic content in their cells. The operational conditions of the ICP-MS were the following: a high-frequency output of 1.2 kW; plasma gas flow rate of 16 L min−1; auxiliary gas flow rate of 1.0 L min−1; nebulizer gas flow rate of 1.0 L min−1; and sample replacement time of 10 s.
The mean values in different treatments were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test using the statistical program SPSS 22.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., USA).
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4

CaF2/LaF3 Co-precipitation Protocol

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In order to form CaF2/LaF3 co-precipitation, 100 mg Ca2+, 100 mg La3+ and 7 mL of concentrated HF were added into the second centrifuge tube, followed by vigorous shaking and 15-minute settling. After centrifugation under 3000 rpm for 15 min, the supernatant was discarded and the precipitate was dissolved by 20 mL of 3 M HNO3 with the addition of 0.5 g of H3BO3. The solution was transferred into the 50 mL centrifuge tube and Pu (III) was adjusted to Pu (IV) by the addition of 0.3 g of NaNO2 and heated at 40 °C for 0.5 h in a temperature–controllable heating apparatus (DigiPREP Jr, SCP SCIENCE, Canada).
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5

Quantifying Nickel Accumulation in Organs

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Part of the liver and the entire kidney were removed to quantitatively evaluate the amount of nickel that accumulated in each organ. The wet weight of each excised tissue was immediately measured using a precision balance to avoid weight changes due to drying. Organ samples were lysed with an acid lysis system (Digiprep Jr.; SCP Science, Baie-d’Urfé, QC, Canada). Specifically, each organ for which the wet weight was measured was placed in a dedicated flat-bottomed 50 mL tube (Digi Tube; SCP Science), after which 5 mL of 60% concentrated nitric acid was added, a watch glass was placed on the sample, and heat treatment was conducted. Heat treatment was conducted at 80 °C for 4 h and then at 105 °C to evaporate the nitric acid to the point of exhaustion. Afterward, 0.5 M of nitric acid was added, and organic matter was completely removed through filtering with a 0.45 µm filter unit (Millex; Sigma Aldrich); this was used as a sample. The dissolved samples were subjected to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and nickel analysis was conducted using the calibration curve method.
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6

Elemental Analysis of Leaf and Branch Samples

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In the case of some samples of leaves/needles and branches, an aliquot of the filtrate with ultrapure water or ammonium acetate was diluted with 2% nitric acid, and the concentrations of K, Rb, and 133Cs were measured via ICP-MS (Agilent7700X; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The relative standard deviation values for this measurement were approximately 5%. The quantitation limit for 133Cs was 25 ng kg−1 (at the time of sample introduction to the device), as estimated from repeated measurements of the calibration blank (2% nitric acid).
For these samples, we also analyzed the initial concentrations of K, Rb, and 133Cs before the leaching experiments. An aliquot of each pre-leaching sample was digested by using the wet ashing method with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a heating block system (DigiPREP Jr.; SCP Science, Baie D’Urfé, Québec, Canada). The digested sample was passed through a 0.45-μm-pore-size filter, and the filtrates were analyzed by ICP-MS as described above.
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7

Elemental Analysis of Olives

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Olives (1 g) and preservation liquids (1 mL) were put into a boron-silicate tube with 25 mL of HNO 3 and digested in a DigiPREP Jr. (SCP Science, Canada) at 120ºC for eight hours. Subsequently, 5 ml of a solution HClO 4 /HNO 3 (4:1) was added into the tube and HNO 3 was evaporated at 140°C. The solution was put into a graduated flask and filled up to 25 mL with deionized water. The sample was diluted with deionized water to have a concentration between 2-14 µg/mL and lanthanum solution was added to reach 5000 µg/mL. Solutions were introduced into a GBC model 932 AA atomic absorption spectrometer (Victoria, Australia) equipped with a hollow (Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn) multi-element cathode lamp (Photometry, Victoria Australia).
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Spinal Cord Elements

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Samples of the spinal cord were immediately isolated and collected after the sham control and BCP groups of rats were killed on the 14th day post surgery, as described previously.13 (link),36 (link) Briefly, the spinal cord tissues were quickly separated on ice and weighted following slight removal of their membranes. Then, in a dedicated trace element clean room equipped with a Class 100 clean hood, all the samples were digested in 2 mL of 69% nitric acid at 120 °C in a 50 mL metal-free tube on the digestion block (DigiPREP Jr., SCP-Science, Quebec, Canada) for approximately 1 h until the tissue had almost disappeared. During incubation, the tubes were gently swirled every 20 min. When the samples had cooled, 0.5 mL of H2O2 was added and the samples were heated at 120 °C for another 30 min. After digestion was complete, the tubes were cooled to room temperature and the volume was brought up to 20 mL with ultrapure water. Calibration standards were prepared by diluting 1000 mg/L ICP-MS standard solutions (Spex CertiPrep, Metuchen, NJ, America) with 10% nitric acid. Elements were detected using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, NexION2000G, PerkinElmer, CA, USA), and element concentrations were calculated using external calibration and Rh as an internal standard. A certified reference standard (T07243QC, FAPAS, America) was used for quality control.
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9

Alkali Metal Content in Wood Samples

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( 133 Cs, 85 Rb, and 39 K)
The concentrations of stable cesium ( 133 Cs), rubidium ( 85 Rb), and potassium ( 39 K) in wood samples collected from 1 and 10 m above the ground (and also from 20 m above the ground for the site 2 cedar) were measured for size L individuals at each site. The chipped samples were further homogenized using a cutting mill with a 2-mm sieve (P-15, FRITSCH, Idar-Oberstein, Germany). Then, about 0.1 g of each sample was digested in a polypropylene tube with HNO 3 (68%, 2 mL) heated to 110 °C with a block digestion system (DigiPREP Jr, SCP SCIENCE, Quebec, Canada), with the addition of supplementary H 2 O 2 (35%, 0.5-1 mL). The digested sample was diluted by adding HNO 3 (2%) up to 10 mL and filtered through a 0.45-μm PTFE membrane. It was additionally diluted 101 times for the measurement of 39 K concentration. The concentrations of stable alkali metals were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Agilent 7700x, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA), a calibration standard (XSTC-331, SPEX CertiPrep, NJ, USA), and internal standards (Sc: ICP-MS-50N-0.01X-1, Y: ICP-MS-69N-0.01X-1, Ce: ICP-MS-11N-0.01X-1, AccuStandard, CT, USA). Measurement accuracy was checked using a standard reference material (1575a Pine Needles, NIST, MD, USA).
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10

Heavy Metal Concentration Analysis

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Leaves and roots were washed twice with deionized water in ultrasonic bath to remove any particle presents on the surface, and finally dried and grinded.
Pseudo-total metal concentrations were measured after soil mineralization. In a first step, soil samples were mineralized in aqua regia (mixture of 1/3 HNO 3 70% and 2/3 HCl 37%) using a temperature-controlled digestion system (DigiPREP Jr instrument, SCP Science, Baie-d'Urfé, Canada) at 120°C for 8 h and dried.
Leaves and roots were mineralized according to the following procedure: leave and root samples were placed in Teflon flask with HNO 3 70% for 24 h at 120 °C with a DigiPREP instrument. After cooling H 2 O 2 30% was added and Teflon flasks placed at 120 °C for 24 h.
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