The following drugs were used in the present study: the NK1R agonist GR73632 (Sakurada et al., 1999 (link)), PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002 (Xiao et al., 2018 (link)), PKC inhibitors chelerythrine and GF109203X (Cho et al., 2001 (link)) (the latter more selectively targets PKCα/β (Asehnoune et al., 2005 (link))), and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) inhibitors YM-58483 and MRS-1845 were purchased from Tocris, Minneapolis, MN. CaMKII inhibitor KN93, ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor U0126 were obtained from Calbiochem, San Diego, CA. The L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine was from Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO). The ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene, the inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) antagonist 2-APB were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas,Texas). The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist palonosetron and NK1 receptor antagonist netupitant were kindly provided by Helsinn Health Care (Lugano, Switzerland). GR73632 and palonosetron were dissolved in water. Nifedipine, dantrolene, 2-APB, YM-58483, MRS-1845, U0126, LY294002, chelerythrine and GF109203X were dissolved in 25% DMSO in water. Netupitant was dissolved in a 1:1:18 solution of emulphor™, ethanol and saline. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.
2 apb
Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States
2-APB is a chemical reagent commonly used in cell biology and biochemical research. It functions as a modulator of calcium signaling pathways, primarily by acting on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors. The core function of 2-APB is to facilitate the study of calcium-dependent cellular processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dantrolene, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (5 mentions)
Gf109203x, by Bio-Techne (3 mentions)
Mrs 1845, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Gr73632, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Ly294002, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
U0126, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Fpl64176, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Ym 58483, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Chelerythrine, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Zd7288, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Z 944, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Thapsigargin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
U73122, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
M 3m3fbs, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Nifedipine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Metformin hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
U73122, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Forskolin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acesulfame k, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallein, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
10 protocols using 2 apb
1
Pharmacological Modulators of Neuronal Signaling
2
Solvent Preparation for Pharmacological Agents
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The following drugs were used in the present studies: ZD7288, U0126, MRS 1845, Z944 and RTX were purchased from Tocris (Ellisville, MO); ivabradine hydrochloride, nifedipine and sulpride from Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO); dantrolene and 2-APB from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). Palonosetron and netupitant were kindly provided by Helsinn Health Care (Lugano, Switzerland).
ZD7288, ivabradine hydrochloride and palonosetron were dissolved in water. Nifedipine, U0126, MRS 1845, Z944, dantrolene and 2-APB were dissolved in 25% DMSO in water. Netupitant and RTX were dissolved in a mixture of ethanol/Tween 80/saline at a volume ratio of 1:1:18. Sulpride was dissolved in distilled water with a 10 µL volume of 1/3 concentrated HCl which was then back titrated to pH 5 by the addition of NaOH. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.
ZD7288, ivabradine hydrochloride and palonosetron were dissolved in water. Nifedipine, U0126, MRS 1845, Z944, dantrolene and 2-APB were dissolved in 25% DMSO in water. Netupitant and RTX were dissolved in a mixture of ethanol/Tween 80/saline at a volume ratio of 1:1:18. Sulpride was dissolved in distilled water with a 10 µL volume of 1/3 concentrated HCl which was then back titrated to pH 5 by the addition of NaOH. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.
3
Investigating the Effects of Cobalt Chloride on RSV-Treated Cells
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After pre-incubation with RSV (50 μM) for 24 hours, the cells in the group were incubated with CoCl2 (200 μM) for a further period of 24 hours.
The RSV, ACA, 2-APB, and ADPR were purchased from Santa Cruz Inc, (Istanbul, Turkey) and their stock solutions were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide. After diluting in extracellular solution, and the pH adjustments of the ACA, 2-APB, ADPR and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), they were freshly incubated with the cells.
The RSV, ACA, 2-APB, and ADPR were purchased from Santa Cruz Inc, (Istanbul, Turkey) and their stock solutions were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide. After diluting in extracellular solution, and the pH adjustments of the ACA, 2-APB, ADPR and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), they were freshly incubated with the cells.
4
Pharmacological Modulators of Cellular Signaling
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The following drugs were used: m-3M3FBS, U73122, U0126, GF109203X, FPL64176, 2-methyl-serotonin maleate salt (2-Methyl-5-HT), and GR73632 were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN); McN-A-343, quinpirole HCl and nifedipine from Sigma Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO); thapsigargin, dantrolene and 2-APB from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). Palonosetron and netupitant were kindly provided by Helsinn Health Care (Lugano, Switzerland). m-3M3FBS, U73122, nifedipine, U0126, netupitant were dissolved in a mixture of ethanol/Tween 80/saline at a volume ratio of 1:1:18. dantrolene, 2-APB, GF109203X and FPL64176 were dissolved in 25% DMSO in water. thapsigargin was dissolved in 10% DMSO in distilled water. Other drugs were dissolved in distilled water. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.
5
Pharmacological Inhibition of Cell Signaling
6
Ginsenoside Rg3 Modulates GPCR Signaling
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All ginsenosides were kindly provided by Dr. Kwang-Seok Ahn (Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea). Rg3, DB, metformin hydrochloride, acesulfame K, D-glucose, forskolin, and the GPCR pathway inhibitors; U73122, BIM, H-89, IBMX were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Gallein, 2APB, and SQ22536 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Lactisole was purchased from Endeavour Speciality Chemicals (Daventry, UK).
7
Inhibition of IP3 Receptor by 2-APB
8
Biochemical Characterization of Ion Channels
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C20:4-Gly-d8, C20:4-Ser, GSK1016790A, PGE2, and the COX (ovine) Colorimetric Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company; capsaicin, glutamine, phenylalanine, and oleic acid were purchased from Sigma; 2-APB was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; and C20:4-Phe was purchased from Abcam. The synthesis of C18:1-Phe, C18:1-Leu, C18:1-Gln, and C18:1-Lys has been described previously (8 (link)). Plasmids were obtained from the following sources: C-terminally tagged mouse TRPV1 (catalog no. MR227160; OriGene), C-terminally tagged human TRPV3 (catalog no. RC211184; OriGene); C-terminally tagged rat TRPV4 (plasmid no. 45751; Addgene); and pTurboRFP-Mito (catalog no. FP237; Evrogen). Mouse TRPA1 was a generous gift from Jorg Grandl, Duke University, Durham, NC. C2C12 cells and HEK293A cells were obtained from ATCC and Thermo Fisher Scientific, respectively.
9
Pharmacological Modulation of Serotonin Receptors
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2-Methylserotonin maleate salt (2-Me-5-HT) was purchased from Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO). Palonosetron was a generous gift from Helsinn Health Care (Lugano, Switzerland). The 5-HT2A receptor antagonist SR46349B was purchased from Sanofi (Bridgewater, NJ). The 5-HT6 receptor antagonists Ro-046790 and Ro-4368554 were purchased from Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO) and Tocris (Minneapolis, MN), respectively. The CaMKII inhibitor KN93 and its inactive analog KN92 as well as ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 were obtained from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA). The L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist amlodipine besylate was purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN). The ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene (sodium salt) and the inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor antagonist 2-APB, were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). Unless otherwise stated, the above drugs were dissolved in water. KN92, dantrolene sodium and 2-APB were dissolved in 25% DMSO in water. PD98059 was dissolved in 0.5% ethanol, 0.5% Tween-80 in saline. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.
10
Calcium Signaling Reagents Protocol
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Ionomycin, Thapsigargin (Tg) and 2-APB were obtained from Santa-Cruz Biotechnologies. ADP, Anisomycin and Dantrolene were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Xestospongin C was obtained from Abcam (UK).
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