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6 protocols using natfpb

1

Microneedle Patch for Electrochemical Sensing

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Hydrogen
ionophore I (tridodecylamine)
of selectophore grade, carbonate ionophore VII (N,N-dioctyl-3α,12α-bis(4-trifluoroacetylbenzoyloxy)-5β-cholan-24-amide)
of selectophore grade, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyurethane (PU)
(Reference 81367, selectophore grade), bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (DOS,
>97%), sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaTFPB),
tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMACl), bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
(DEHA), and tetrahydrofuran (THF, >99.9%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Sweden). Carbon/graphite ink (C2030519P4) and silver/silver chloride
(Ag/AgCl) 50/50 paste (C2131007D3) were obtained from Sunchemical.17 ,18 Silicon rubber (Ecoflex 00–50 platinum cure) and stainless-steel
microneedles (MN) (Dermaroller local supplier, Sweden) were employed
for the fabrication of the MN patch. Other chemicals and materials
are provided in the Supporting Information.
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2

Synthesis of Potentiometric Sensor Materials

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Reagents and materials 4-VPBA was obtained from Macklin. 2,2-Azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were purchased from Aladdin. High molecular weight poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE), bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (DOS), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(triuoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaTFPB), tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (ETH 500) and DA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetonitrile (ACN), methanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (China). Aqueous solutions were prepared with freshly deionized water (18.2 MU cm specic resistance) obtained with a Pall Cascada laboratory water system. THF was distilled prior to use.
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3

Potentiometric Ion Sensor Fabrication

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The following chemicals were obtained from Sigma‒Aldrich (USA): Na+-selective grade ionic carrier X, Na+ tetra [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (Na–TFPB), valinomycin (ionic carrier K+), Na+ tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), ETH 129 (Ca2+ carrier), 1-nitro-2-(n-octyloxy)benzene (NPOE), bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (DOS), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS), HCl, H2SO4, urease (≥2 units/mg solid, from Candida spp.), bovine serum albumin (BSA), glutaraldehyde solution (20–25%), polyvinyl butyral resin BUTVAR B-98 (PVB), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), PBS (pH = 7.2), and methanol.
Au sulfite solution and Ag/AgCl ink were obtained from Yuncaitaotao Company. All the chemicals were used as received. All solutions were prepared using deionized water produced by Millipore Water Purification Systems, unless otherwise noted.
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4

Fabrication of Ion-Selective Electrodes

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Sodium ionophore X, valinomycin (potassium ionophore), tetrahydrofuran, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (Na-TFPB), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, K-value: 68–65), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99.99%), potassium chloride (KCl, 99.99%), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymer solution were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA). An Ag/AgCl reference electrode wire was obtained from Shanghai Chuxi Industrial Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Epoxy AB glue was purchased from Smooth-On Inc. (Macungie, PA, USA) to seal all the electronic items. All reagents were analytical grade and used as received. All solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) from a Milli-Q system (Billerica, MA, USA).
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5

Potentiometric Sensor Development for Ion Detection

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All chemicals are analytical grade and used without any additional refinement. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with high molecular weight, benzo-18-crown-6 (b-18C6) and all investigated salts (nitrate and chloride) purchased from Merck company. Sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE), tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)-borate (TDATpClPB), nitrobenzene (NB), Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and sodium tetrakis [3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] borate (NaTFPB) obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and Scharlau company. For pH adjustments, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) used. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which used as an oxidant to oxidize Fe(II) to Fe(III) in real samples purchased from Merck. De-ionized water used to prepare all daily solutions.
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6

Electrochemical Sensor Fabrication

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Calcium ionophore II (ETH 129), bis(2-ethylehexyl) sebacate (DOS), sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate (Na-TFPB), high-molecularweight polyvinyl chloride (PVC), tetrahydrofuran (THF), polyvinyl butyral resin BUTVAR B-98 (PVB), sodium chloride (NaCl), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS), and aniline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Moisture-resistant 100 μmthick PET was purchased from McMaster-Carr (Los Angeles, CA). All reagents were used as received.
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