The thin-film and bulk MoS2 samples were assembled into battery configuration inside an argon-filled glovebox for lithium ion intercalation. Lithiation of thin-film MoS2 was performed in a glass vial. The thin-film MoS2 and a piece of lithium foil were used as the cathode and anode, respectively, and 1.0 M LiPF6 in 30:70 (vol%) ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (Sol-Rite) as the electrolyte. The thin-film sample was wrapped around by a piece of stainless steel foil, which was used as the electrical contact. The discharge current was 14 μA. The lithium ion intercalation of the bulk MoS2 was carried out using 2025 coin cells, with MoS2 as the cathode, lithium foil as the anode, 1.0 M LiPF6 in 30:70 (vol%) ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate as electrolyte, and a Celgard 2400 separator. The discharge current used for the bulk MoS2 was 10 μA. After the discharge process, all samples were relaxed for days before they were cleaned by diethyl carbonate (anhydrous, Sigma Aldrich) inside the glovebox to remove the electrolyte left on the sample surfaces. Samples were sealed in air-tight aluminium pouches before they were transferred out of the glovebox and mailed from Ann Arbor, MI to Urbana, IL for sputtering deposition of Al or NbV for TDTR measurements.
2400 separator
Manufactured by Celgard
The 2400 separator is a laboratory equipment product designed to separate, filter, and process materials. It features a compact and durable construction to facilitate efficient separations in research and development settings. The core function of the 2400 separator is to enable controlled separation of components in various samples and solutions.
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Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using 2400 separator
1
Lithiation of Thin-Film and Bulk MoS2 for TDTR Analysis
2
Lithium-Organosulfide Static Cell Assembly
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A lithium-organosulfide static cell was assembled in the Ar-filled glove box (H2O < 0.01 ppm, O2 < 0.01 ppm) as follows. First, an organosulfide-based catholyte was prepared by dissolving one organosulfide in the supporting electrolyte. Second, 15 μL catholyte was taken out and added into a carbon paper electrode with a diameter of 12 mm. Then, a piece of Celgard 2400 separator with a diameter of 19 mm was placed on the carbon paper, and 20 μL blank electrolyte was added to the separator. Finally, a piece of lithium metal with a diameter of 16 mm was placed on the blank electrolyte as the anode part.
3
Lithium-Organodisulfide Flow Cell Assembly
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A lithium-organodisulfide flow cell was assembled as follows. First, a piece of lithium metal with a diameter of 20 mm as the anode, a Celgard 2400 separator (Ø25 mm), a piece of graphite felt (Ø20 × 3.0 mm), and a piece of carbon paper (Ø20 mm) as the positive electrode were placed into a polytetrafluoroethylene flow channel (Ø25 × 20 × 3.0 mm) in order. Then, 1.0 mL catholyte was injected into the polytetrafluoroethylene flow channel by a peristaltic pump. The current density for the flow cell was 1.0 mA cm−2.
4
Lithium-Sulfur Battery Electrode Fabrication
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Typically, Co9S8/MoS2-rGO or CMG composites were mixed with PVDF and carbon black (with a mass ratio of 3 : 1 : 1) in NMP solvent. Then the mixtures were uniformly coated onto carbon papers. The average mass loading of electrodes were controlled at about 1 mg cm−2. Two identical electrodes as working and counter electrodes were assembled into a standard LIR2032 cell with a Celgard 2400 separator in an Ar-filled glovebox. 0.1 mol L−1 Li2S6 in 40.0 μL of DOL/DME (with a volume ratio of 1 : 1) was used as electrolyte, which also contained 1.0 M LiTFSI. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests were carried out on an electrochemical workstation (CHI660D, Shanghai Chenhua) at a scan rate of 1.0 mV s−1. The voltage range of CV measurement was −0.8 to 0.8 V. The symmetric cell with Li2S6-free electrolyte was also tested as a reference.
5
Li-S Coin Cell Electrochemical Characterization
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The electrodes were tested in a CR2025 coin cell format with a Celgard 2400 separator (Ø17 mm) and an Li disc (Ø15 mm) as the counter electrode. In each coin cell, 6 μL mg s−1 of 1 m LiTFSI 0.25 m LiNO3 DME:DOL (1 : 1, v:v) was added with an automatic micropipette as the electrolyte. The cells were rested for 6 h before discharged at C/50 (1 C=1672 mA gS−1) to 1.9 V and charged at C/25 to 2.6 V. After the formation cycle, the cell was cycled at C/10 between 1.8 and 2.6 V with a 1 s current pause every 5 min for the resistance measurement by the Intermittent Current Interruption (ICI) method.[36 , 37 (link)] Each discharge and charge step was limited to 10 h (time required to discharge/charge a cell with the theoretical capacity) to stop infinite discharging/charging (mostly charging) cause by polysulfide shuttling. The cells were tested on an Arbin BT‐2043 battery testing system. The internal and diffusional resistances were derived from the electrochemical data with the ICI method[36 , 37 (link)] using the R programming environment.[40] The raw data and the R scripts used for the analysis are available online via Zenodo.[41]
6
Symmetrical Electrodes for Catalytic Evaluation
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Symmetrical cells were fabricated to verify catalytic effect of the pristine CC and the CC‐CoS2. The pristine CC or the CC‐CoS2 was cut into circular disks with a diameter of 12 mm. CR2032 coin cells were assembled in an Ar‐filled glove box by using two identical electrodes, a Celgard 2400 separator, and 40 µL electrolyte of 1 m LiTFSI and 0.2 m Li2S6 in 1:1 (v/v) DOL/DME.
7
Li-S Coin Cell Battery Testing
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Li–S batteries were tested with CR2032-type coin cells. The sulfur cathode and lithium metal anode were separated by a single Celgard 2400 separator. The electrolyte was made of 1.0 M LiTFSI and 0.2 M LiNO3 dissolved in DOL/DME (1:1 v/v). The electrolyte:sulfur ratio (E:S) was ~ 10 mlE gS–1. Electrochemical experiments were carried out using a Biologic VMP3 potentiostat. The galvanostatic cycling tests at different C rates (1 C = 1675 mA h g–1) were conducted within the voltage range of 1.8–2.8 V. Impedance data were recorded at open circuit voltage (OCV) in the frequency range of 1 MHz to 1 Hz with an AC voltage amplitude of 10 mV. CV measurements were conducted between 1.8–2.8 V at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s–1. GITT for the cell discharge was conducted from OCV to 1.8 V at C/5 with 5 min discharge interval and 30 min delays. For potentiostatic electrodeposition, cells were equilibrated at 2.3 V to transform sulfur into long-chain polysulfides before driving the Li2S electrodeposition at constant voltage: either 2.0 V or 1.9 V.
8
Li2S8 Electrolyte Synthesis and Cell Assembly
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Elemental sulfur and Li2S was vigorous mixed for 24 h with a molar ratio of 7 : 1 in tetraglyme to obtain the 0.20 mol L−1 Li2S8 electrolyte. Carbon papers were punched into 12 mm circle disks to load CMG composites. The loading was controlled to be 1.0 mg cm−2. Lithium foils and the obtained CMG loaded carbon paper were used as the anode and cathode, respectively. LIR2032 coin cells was assembled with Celgard 2400 separator. The cathode was firstly be wetted with the previously prepared Li2S8 electrolyte, and the other 20 μL of LiTFSI (1.0 mol L−1) was added into the LIR2032 coin cell. These cells should be firstly galvanostatically discharged to 2.06 V, and then switched to 2.05 V potentiostatically test until the current below 10−5 A. These procedure to guarantee the fully precipitation of Li2S.30 (link)
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