Choline chloride (≥99%), lactic acid (∼90%), 1.2-propanediol (≥99%), ethanol (reagent), methanol (CHROMASOLV® ≥ 99.9%), water (CHROMASOLV® Plus grade HPLC), 2,2,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) gallic, ferulic, p-coumaric, sinapic and vanillic acids were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Sinapic
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Poland
Sinapic is a laboratory instrument designed for spectrophotometric analysis. It utilizes the principle of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to measure the absorbance or transmittance of light through a sample. The core function of Sinapic is to quantify the concentration of specific compounds in a solution by analyzing the sample's interaction with light at various wavelengths.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ferulic, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Caffeic, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
P coumaric, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Syringic, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Vanillic, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Gallic, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
O coumaric, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Protocatechuic, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Chlorogenic, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
P hydroxybenzoic, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Cinnamic, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (3 mentions)
M coumaric, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
16 protocols using sinapic
1
Antioxidant Compound Extraction Protocol
2
Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis Protocol
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Trifluoracetic acid, acetonitrile, methanol, and ethanol were provided from Penta (Prague, Czech Republic). α-Amylase and neutral detergent solution package (containing sodium lauryl sulphate, EDTA disodium, sodium borate, sodium phosphate dibasic together with triethylene glycol) were purchased from Ankom Technology (Macedon, NY, USA). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, AlCl3·6H2O were purchased from Penta (Prague, Czech Republic). The substance 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and standard 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox) were provided from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Phenolic and sugar standards were as follows: Epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, gallic, protocatechuic, p‑hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, ellagic, o-coumaric, cinnamic acids and protocatechuic acid ethyl ester; D(+)-maltose, D(+)-glucose, D(−)-fructose, D(+)-rhamnose, D(+)-xylose, D(+)-saccharose, all were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). All standards and solvents used in this study were of HPLC-grade (purity ≥ 98.5–99.0%). Total dietary fiber and resistant starch assay kits were provided from Megazyme International Ireland Ltd. (Wicklow, Ireland).
3
Quantitative Analysis of Plant Phenolic Acids
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Methanol HPLC LC-MS Grade (CAS no. 67-56-1) and acetic acid (CAS no. 64-19-7) of HPLC Grade were purchased in Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol (CAS no. 67-56-1) for plant material extraction purchased in Avantor Performance Materials (Poland). Standard substances of rosmarinic (CAS no. 20283-92-5), chlorogenic (CAS no. 327-97-9), caffeic (CAS no. 331-39-5), ferulic (CAS no. 1135-24-6), 3,5-dicaffeoyl-quinic (CAS no. 2450-53-5), sinapic (CAS no. 530-59-6) and p-coumaric (CAS no. 501-98-4) acids were purchased in Sigma-Aldrich (Poznań, Poland); 5-O-feruoylouinic acid (CAS no. 1135-24-6) was purchased in LCG Standards Poland. Lithospermic B acid (CAS 115939-25-8), shikonin (CAS no. 517-88-4), acetylshikonin (CAS no. 24502-78-1), isobutyrylshikonin (CAS no. 52438-12-7), deoxyshikonin (CAS no. 43043-74-9) and isovalerylshikonin (CAS no. 52387-14-1) were purchased in ChemFaces (Wuhan, China).
4
Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds
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Gallic, caffeic, protocatechuic, sinapic, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic, m-coumaric, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and resveratrol and rutin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); ferulic, isoferulic, and vanillic acid from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Formic acid, ACN, and ethanol (EtOH) were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Bedford, MA, USA). All samples (WP and PB) and standards were treated in a room with light filters to avoid polyphenol oxidation.
5
Phytochemical Standards Procurement and Characterization
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The standards of sinapic and caffeoylquinic acids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The standards of glucoraphanin, glucoerucin, glucoiberin, glucobrassicin, hydroxyl-glucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin, methoxy-glucobrassicin, neoglubobrassicin, 3,4-diindolylmethane, and iberin (GR, GE, GI, GB, HO-GB, PE, MeOH-GB, NeoGB, SFN, I3C, and DIM, respectively) were purchased from Phytoplan GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany). The standards of sulforaphane, iberin, and indole-3-carbinol (SFN, IB, and I3C, respectively) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, US), Biorbyt LTD (Cambridge, UK), and LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN, USA), correspondingly. Acetic and hydrochloric acids, as well as ammonium acetate, were from Panreac labs (Barcelona, Spain). Methanol for hydromethanolic extractions and acetonitrile and acetic acid grade solvents for LC-MS were supplied by J.T. Baker (Philipsburg, NJ, USA). All water employed in the extraction and the chromatographic analysis was purified by using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
6
Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Assays
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Neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) was determined using a solution package containing sodium lauryl sulphate, EDTA disodium, sodium borate and sodium phosphate dibasic together with glycol and α-amylase (all Ankom Technology, NewYork, NY, USA). To study digestibility, pepsin (0.7 FIG-U/mg) and a mixture of pancreatin enzymes (350 FIG-U/g protease, 6000 FIG-U/g lipase and 7500 FIG-U/g amylase) were used (all Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). To determine antioxidant activities, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and standard 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used. PCL was measured and evaluated using ACL and ACW kits supplied by Analytik Jena AG (Jena, Germany). For the determination of phenolic profile, the standard compounds (epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, ellagic, o-coumaric, cinnamic acids and protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. All standards and solvents were HPLC-grade (purity ≥ 98.5%).
7
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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Standards of apigenin, luteolin, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, vanillin, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic and vanilic acids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO); (+)-pinoresinol was from Arbo-Nova (Turku, Finland), and oleuropein was acquired from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Stock solutions of phenolic compounds were prepared in methanol and stored at -20°C. All the solvents used were of analytical or HPLC grade (Sigma-Aldrich). Water was of Milli-Q quality (Millipore Corp, Bedford, MA, USA).
8
Polyphenolic Compound Identification Protocol
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Acetonitrile (UHPLC supergradient ACS quality) from PanReac AppliChem (Barcelona, Spain), and formic acid (≥98%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) were used. Purified water (Elix 3 coupled to a Milli-Q system from Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA) was employed. A commercially available mineral water obtained from Eroski (Elorrio, Spain) was used for tea and chicory brewing.
Seventeen polyphenolic and phenolic acid chemicals were employed, all of them of analytical grade. Gallic, caffeic, ferulic, vanillic, sinapic, syringic, p-coumaric, 4-hydroxybenzoic and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids, and quercetin, (−)-epicatechin, rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; (+)-catechin and myricetin from Fluka (Madrid, Spain); and (−)-epigallocatechin from Biosynth Carbosynth (Berkshire, United Kingdom).
Stock standard solutions of the targeted polyphenolic chemicals (ca. 1000 mg L−1) were prepared in methanol or DMSO (depending on the compound). Working solutions were obtained by the corresponding dilution with Milli-Q water of the stock standards.
Seventeen polyphenolic and phenolic acid chemicals were employed, all of them of analytical grade. Gallic, caffeic, ferulic, vanillic, sinapic, syringic, p-coumaric, 4-hydroxybenzoic and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids, and quercetin, (−)-epicatechin, rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; (+)-catechin and myricetin from Fluka (Madrid, Spain); and (−)-epigallocatechin from Biosynth Carbosynth (Berkshire, United Kingdom).
Stock standard solutions of the targeted polyphenolic chemicals (ca. 1000 mg L−1) were prepared in methanol or DMSO (depending on the compound). Working solutions were obtained by the corresponding dilution with Milli-Q water of the stock standards.
9
Comprehensive Polyphenol Analysis Protocol
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Caffeic, sinapic, and p-coumaric acids were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis MO, USA). Potassium ferrocyanide, potassium ferricyanide, potassium chloride, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (NaH2PO4•H2O), sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous (Na2HPO4), sodium citrate, sodium borohydride, N-N-dimethylformamide (DMF), methanol, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC 25.0% in water), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4•3H2O, 99.9%), fructose, glucose, sucrose, citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, quinic acid, and shikimic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis MO, USA). Carbon black N220 was obtained from Cabot Corporation (Ravenna, Italy). WS2 (99.8%, metals basis) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). Polyphenol standards stock solutions were prepared in methanol at a concentration of 1.0 × 10 -2 mol L -1 and stored at -18 °C in the dark. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ) was used for all the experiments. Rapeseed oil, apple puree, apple homogenized, and apple juice were purchased from a local market. Kalanchoe Crenata lyophilized leaves were purchased from a local market in Burundi.
10
Phytochemical Analysis of Plant Extracts
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Deionized water was produced using Millipore Simplicty UV station (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Acetonitrile, formic acid, pyridine, ethanol, methanol, hydroxylamine hydrogen chloride, acetic anhydride, dichlorethane, hydrochloric acid, heptane, ethyl acetate, formalin, tetrachlormethane was purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Chlorogenic acid, rutin, pyrogallol were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Hydroxyphenylacetate, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, cinnamic, quinic acids and rutin, quercetin-3-D-glucoside (isoquercitrin), naringin, neohesperidin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, sorbitol, luteolin and aluminum chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sant Louis, MI, USA).
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