Antibiotic solution

Normal skin fibroblasts cells (Hs 895.Sk, ATCC Cat# CRL77636) were obtained from the High Throughput Sciences Facility’s cell line repository at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. Cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM Sigma Aldrich, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Sigma Aldrich, USA) and 1% antibiotic solution (Sigma Aldrich, USA) at 37 °C and in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. Cell synchronization using serum starvation protocol was performed to bring all the cells in to same phase of cells cycle (G1-phase). Briefly, at ~80% confluency the culture medium was replaced with serum-free medium and cells were incubated overnight. UVR exposure was performed in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. Complete medium was again added after UVR treatment. For RS measurements, cells were cultured on a custom-made petri dishes with quartz cover slip bottom (043210-KJ, Alfa Aesar) to minimize the autofluorescence background^{4 (link)}. For phase imaging, cells were grown in normal petri dishes at ~60–70% confluency to facilitate acquisition over single cell in the imaging field of view.

Murine C2C12 skeletal myoblast cells were obtained from the RIKEN Cell Bank (Tsukuba, Japan). Cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (BIST-TEC; Equitech Bio Inc., TX, USA) and 1% antibiotic solution (Sigma-Aldrich) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂.

The LNCaP and CWR22Rv1 cells were cultured in RPMI medium (ATCC, Manassas, VA). PC-3 and VCAP cells were grown in the F-12K medium (ATCC, Manassas, VA). All medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, ATCC) and 1% antibiotic solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Cells were cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂ in air. Cells were grown as monolayers and were harvested or split when they reached 80% confluence to maintain exponential growth. One day before the cell binding experiment, PCa cells were seeded in 24-well plates.
All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with standards of the Institutional Animal Care and Utilization Committee of Nanjing Medical University. 5 × 10⁶ PC-3, LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, or PCa cells in 50% Matrigel (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany) were injected subcutaneously into the mice left armpit to establish animal models.

H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were cultured according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (ATCC). Briefly, the cells were cultured in DMEM based modified media (4 mM L-glutamine, 4.5 g/L glucose, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, and 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotic solution (Sigma-Aldrich) and maintained in 95% air and 5% CO₂ at 37 °C. Cells maintained within 80–90% confluence from passages 3–10 were used in experiments. Mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and morphology of H9c2 cells are similar to primary cardiomyocytes [29 (link)].