Budesonide

Manufactured by AstraZeneca

Sourced in Sweden, United Kingdom, China, Australia, France

Budesonide is a type of corticosteroid medication used in the treatment of various respiratory conditions. It is designed to reduce inflammation in the airways and lungs. The core function of Budesonide is to provide targeted delivery of the active ingredient to the affected areas, helping to manage symptoms and improve respiratory function.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ovalbumin (ova), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Recombinant human il1b, by R&D Systems (2 mentions) Ps 1145, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Dexamethasone (dex), by Steraloids (2 mentions) Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Transwell chamber, by Corning (1 mentions) Ipratropium bromide, by Boehringer Ingelheim (1 mentions) Vx745, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Birb796, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Tnf α, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Pam3csk4, by InvivoGen (1 mentions) Recombinant human il 1β, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Pam2csk4, by InvivoGen (1 mentions) Ipratropium bromide, by AstraZeneca (1 mentions) Bs 0086r, by Bioss Antibodies (1 mentions) Ab34100, by Abcam (1 mentions) Bs 0549r, by Bioss Antibodies (1 mentions)

23 protocols using budesonide

Probiotics in COPD Exacerbation Treatment

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After admission, patients in both groups received routine interventions, including bronchodilation, sputum evacuation, anti-infection, and oxygen inhalation. On this basis, patients in the 2 groups were assigned different treatment plans.
Control group: Budesonide (specification:2 mL:1 mg, manufacturer: AstraZeneca Pty Ltd, H20140475) in combination with Ipratropium bromide (Specification:2.5 mL; Manufacturer: Laboratoire Union, France; Approval No.: H20150173), 2 mL Budesonide + 1 mL Ipratropium bromide + 2 mL normal saline twice a day.
Observation-group: On the basis of the control group, probiotics were administered orally with Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus triple live bacteria (Inner Mongolia Shuangqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Approval No.: S19980004; Specification:0.5 g * 24 tablets), 3 times a day, 2 g/time.

Chen C., Wu L., Wang L, & Tang X. (2024). Probiotics combined with Budesonide and Ipratropium bromide for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective analysis. Medicine, 103(10), e37309.

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Transwell Cell Migration Assay for Asthma Drugs

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We used transwell chambers (Corning, NY, USA) with an 8 μm pore size to detect cell migration. The medium was changed to a serum-free medium 24 h before the experiment, and the cells were starved and placed in a 37°C, 5% CO₂ incubator. Cells were trypsinized and centrifuged. Albuterol (Suzhou Hongsen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China), budesonide (AstraZeneca Pty Ltd.), and ipratropium bromide (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG) were diluted in DMEM containing 0.3% BSA. The concentration was 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ times that of the original solution, and the concentration of the cell suspension was adjusted to 8.0 × 10⁵ cells/ml added to the upper chamber of the Transwell. The intervention group was pretreated by adding the above asthma drugs in the upper chamber for 30 min, the control group was added with a basal medium in the lower chamber, and the experimental and intervention groups were added with VEGF (40 ng·ml⁻¹) in the lower chamber. After 24 h of incubation at 37°C, the cells that had migrated to the lower surface were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min and stained with 1% crystal violet for 30 min. Then, the migrating cells were photographed with an inverted microscope (×200 magnification) and counted using ImageJ software.

Lv C., Liao G., Wu L., Li J, & Gao Y. (2022). Effects of Different Intervention Factors on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2022, 6879539.

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Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Children

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The diagnostic criteria of ventilator associated pneumonia were new or progressive lung infiltrating shadows by lung imageological examination after no less than 48 hour of mechanical ventilation or within 48 hour after extubation and moreover at least two of the following conditions are satisfied: temperature >38°C or <36°C; count of white blood cells >10×10⁹/L or <4×10⁹/L; there was purulent secretion in the airway. The research protocol had been approved by the ethics committee of the hospital, and the family members of all children have signed informed consent.
Children in the two groups were assisted to breath using MAQUET Serroi which was produced by Germany and whose pointers satisfied the criteria of Practical Neonatology. Children in the observation group were given oxygen-driven budesonide (Astra Zeneca Pty Ltd., Australia, Registration No.: H 20090902) nebulization, 0.5 mg each time, twice each day; oxygen flow was 6~8 L/min, and nebulization lasted for 10 to 15 minutes each time, from the moment of the diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia to the 3^rd day after ventilator weaning.

Li B., Han S., Liu F., Kang L, & Xv C. (2017). Budesonide Nebulization in the Treatment of Neonatal Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(4), 997-1001.

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Cytokine and Inhibitor Preparation Protocol

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Recombinant human IL1β (R&D Systems) and TNF-α (R&D Systems) were dissolved in PBS containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich). Budesonide (gift from AstraZeneca), dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich), SB203580 (Calbiochem), JNK-IN-VIII (Calbiochem), U0126 (Calbiochem), BIRB796 (Tocris), and VX745 (Tocris) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide as stocks of 10 μM. Toll-like receptor 2 agonists, Pam2CSK4, and Pam3CSK4 (both Invivogen) were prepared as stocks of 1 mg/ml in sterile water.

Bansal A., Mostafa M.M., Kooi C., Sasse S.K., Michi A.N., Shah S.V., Leigh R., Gerber A.N, & Newton R. (2022). Interplay between nuclear factor-κB, p38 MAPK, and glucocorticoid receptor signaling synergistically induces functional TLR2 in lung epithelial cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 298(4), 101747.

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Collagen and HDAC2 Regulation in Angiogenesis

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Erythromycin enteric-coated tablets (H42021990, Yichang Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co., LTD.); Vorinostat Capsules (180509, Beijing Hengrui Kangda Medical Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.); Budesonide (AstraZeneca 8339000); Rabbit Anti-Collagen III Polyclonal Antibody (bs-10423R, Bioss); Rabbit Anti-Collagen I Polyclonal Antibody (bs-0549R, Bioss); Rabbit Anti-HDAC2 Polyclonal Antibody (bs-1813R, Bioss); Rabbit VEGF ELISA kit (MM-021001); Rabbit TGF-β1 ELISA kit (MM-3684001); Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-VEGF (bs-1313R, Bioss, 1/500–1/2000); Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-TGFβ1 (bs-0086R, Bioss, 1/500–1/2000); Rabbit monoclonal Anti-IL-8 (ab34100, abcam, 1/1000); Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-HDAC2 (OmnimAbs, OM105905, 1/500–1/2000); fluorescence microscope (CKX53, OLYMPUS); Microplate Reader (RT-6100, Rayto); Protein vertical electrophoresis instrument (DYY-6C, Beijing 61 instrument factory); Ultra High Sensitivity Chemiluminescence Imaging System (Chemi DocTM XRS+, Bio-Rad Shanhhai Laboratories).

Huang Z., Wei P., Gan L., Zeng T., Qin C, & Liu G. (2020). Role of Erythromycin-Regulated Histone Deacetylase-2 in Benign Tracheal Stenosis. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2020, 4213807.

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Lentinan and Budesonide Inhalation for Respiratory Care

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The experimental group received oral administration of 0.5 g lentinan twice/day (Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) and inhalation of 2 ml budesonide (0.5 mg/ml; Astra Zeneca Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) twice a day (bid) over 4 days delivered by a breathing machine Y-tube. The control group only received budesonide atomization inhalation (bid over 4 days) via a breathing machine Y-tube. All patients received the same antibiotic therapy (cephalosporins).
Inclusion criteria included patients with a breathing rate <30/min, a normal cardiovascular function, no abnormal breathing and no airway irritability. The endotracheal intubation time was limited to 120 h.

Sun J, & Zhao G. (2019). Clinical effects of lentinan combined with budesonide inhalation in treating acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under mechanical ventilation. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17(3), 1503-1508.

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Asthma Medication Regimens and Monitoring

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After enrolment, participants were randomized to salbutamol pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI)
[Ventolin, GlaxoSmithKline] 100µg, two inhalations as-needed for symptom relief; budesonide [Pulmicort Turbuhaler, AstraZeneca] 200µg, one inhalation twice-daily plus salbutamol pMDI [Ventolin] 100µg, two inhalations as-needed for symptom relief (maintenance budesonide); or budesonide/formoterol [Symbicort Turbuhaler, AstraZeneca] 200/6µg, one inhalation as-needed for symptom relief. Participants were provided with asthma action plans with instructions for when to seek medical review for worsening asthma, and a log for recording urgent medical visits and systemic corticosteroid use. Electronic inhaler monitors (Adherium Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand), which record the date and time of inhaler actuations, were incorporated in all inhalers dispensed in the study.

Pavord I.D., Holliday M., Reddel H.K., Braithwaite I., Ebmeier S., Hancox R.J., Harrison T., Houghton C., Oldfield K., Papi A., Williams M., Weatherall M, & Beasley R. (2020). Predictive value of blood eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide in adults with mild asthma: a prespecified subgroup analysis of an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 8(7).

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Modulation of Inflammatory Responses

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PBMCs and lung macrophages were pretreated with AZD7624 or budesonide (both provided by AstraZeneca) for 1 h prior to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/mL, Escherichia coli B6-026; Sigma-Aldrich) for 24 h. Supernatants were collected and analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay according to manufacturer’s instructions (TNF-α and IL-6 R & D Systems, Abingdon, UK; IL-10 eBioscience). BECs were pretreated with AZD7624 or budesonide for 1 h prior to stimulation with poly I:C (100 µg/mL; Invivogen, Toulouse, France) for 24 h. Supernatants were collected and analyzed for IL-6 and C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) by ELISA according to manufacturer’s instructions (R & D Systems). All compound-treated cells and unstimulated and stimulated controls contained 0.02% DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich).

Higham A., Karur P., Jackson N., Cunoosamy D.M., Jansson P, & Singh D. (2018). Differential anti-inflammatory effects of budesonide and a p38 MAPK inhibitor AZD7624 on COPD pulmonary cells. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 13, 1279-1288.

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Characterization of Inhalation Medications

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The materials used for this study were potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Aladdin, Shanghai, China), acetonitrile (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), Combivent^® (an inhalation solution of 2.5 mL per dose; each dose contains 0.500 mg Ipratropium bromide and 3.000 mg Salbutamol sulfate; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany), Pulmicort^® (an inhalation suspension of 2 mL per dose, with each dose containing 1 mg Budesonide; AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK), Fluimucil^® (an inhalation solution of 3 mL per dose, with each dose containing 0.3 g N-acetylcysteine; Zambon, Bresso, Italy), and Clenil^® (an inhalation solution of 2 mL per dose, with each dose containing 0.8 mg Beclomethasone; Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy). The instruments used for the current study were a nebulizer (BOY N, LC Sprint, PARI GmbH, Starnberg, Germany), respiratory simulator (BRS 2000, Copley Scientific Company, Nottingham, UK), next-generation impactor (NGI, Copley Scientific Company, Nottingham, UK), NGI pump (LCP5, Copley Scientific Company, Nottingham, UK), laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Sympatec, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany), high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC, e2695-2489, waters), ssmometer (Model 5600, Norwood, MA, USA), and pH meter (LAQUAtwin, Kyoto, Japan).

Zhang R., Hu J., Deng L., Li S., Chen X., Liu F., Wang S., Mohammed Abdul K.S., Beng H, & Tan W. (2020). Aerosol Characteristics and Physico-Chemical Compatibility of Combivent® (Containing Salbutamol and Ipratropium Bromide) Mixed with Three Other Inhalants: Budesonide, Beclomethasone or N-Acetylcysteine. Pharmaceutics, 12(1), 78.

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Preparation of Heat-Killed Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Surfactant-Steroid Formulation

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Heat-killed bacteria (HKB) was created from a lab strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Using measurements of optical density, the bacteria were diluted in saline to 3 × 10⁷ colony-forming units (CFU) per ml, before being heated at 90 °C for 15 min. A commercially available preparation of budesonide (0.5 mg/ml), suspended in deionized water, was obtained from AstraZeneca (Södertälje, Södermanland, Sweden). Bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES) at 27 mg/ml phospholipid concentration was obtained from BLES Biochemicals (London, ON, Canada). Using saline; these preparations were combined and diluted to 10 mg/ml and 50 µg/ml for BLES and budesonide, respectively, with drug vehiculization being verified through the wet bridge transfer system as described previously [10 (link)].

Baer B., McCaig L., Yamashita C, & Veldhuizen R. (2020). Exogenous Surfactant as a Pulmonary Delivery Vehicle for Budesonide In Vivo. Lung, 198(6), 909-916.

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