The substrate straining method was used to determine the mechanical properties of coatings [21 , 22 ]. Based on the study of Zhang et al. [23 ], a model was developed. Using an Instron Tensile tester machine, samples were loaded in tension at a constant crosshead velocity of 0.5 mm/min to the desired strain state. Substrates stretch elongations rates were strained to 40 and 80%, respectively (Hereafter labeled as PDA-8 mm, PDA-16 mm, PDA-Th150-8 mm and PDA-Th150-16 mm). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM, Quanta 200, FEI, Holland) was used to study the development of cracks in PDA and PDA-Th150 coated 316 L SS substrate.
Tensile tester machine
Manufactured by Instron
Sourced in United States
The Instron Tensile Tester Machine is a laboratory equipment designed to measure the tensile strength and other mechanical properties of materials. It applies a controlled force to a test specimen and records the resulting deformation or elongation. The machine provides objective, quantitative data on the material's behavior under tensile stress.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using tensile tester machine
1
Mechanical Properties of Coatings
2
Tensile Characterization of Membrane Materials
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The tensile tests of the membranes were carried out at room temperature using a Tensile Tester Machine (Instron, Model 3366, Norwood, MA, USA). Membrane samples were cut according to ASTM D638 Type V dumbbell shape. The membrane thickness was determined by a hand-held thickness gauge (Mitutoyo, No. 7331, Kawasaki, Japan) and reported as the mean of five measurements taken over the length of the test specimen. The gauge length was adjusted to 20 mm at the start of each test. The ends of the test specimen were mounted and clamped by using steel grip jaws. The measurements were conducted with a crosshead speed of 2 mm min−1.
The results were recorded for force (F) as a function of the sample elongation (∆L = L − L0), where L0 was the original length of the test specimen. The stress against strain curve was constructed from the results obtained in the test, and two properties were determined from the curve: (1) tensile strength and (2) elongation-at-break.
The results were recorded for force (F) as a function of the sample elongation (∆L = L − L0), where L0 was the original length of the test specimen. The stress against strain curve was constructed from the results obtained in the test, and two properties were determined from the curve: (1) tensile strength and (2) elongation-at-break.
3
Tensile Properties of Wool Fleece
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The fibre strength and elongation of wool fleece was assessed by adopting the standard method IWTO-32-82(E) using a tensile tester machine (Instron).
4
Mechanical Characterization of Fibers
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The fibers were mounted on a 1 cm square window cut in a paper frame following the procedure of Greco et al. [48 (link)]. The fibers were glued onto the frames using double sided tape. For tensile tests, a 5943-Instron tensile tester machine with a 5 N load cell was used. The imposed displacement speed was 60 mm min−1. The engineering stress was calculated by dividing the measured force by the section of each tested thread. We measured the maximum diameter along the fiber with an optical microscope [49 (link)], and we measured it 5 times for each fiber by using the mean value for the calculation of the section’s area, which was assumed to be circular. The engineering stress was obtained by dividing the force by the cross-sectional area. The engineering strain was obtained by dividing the total displacement by the gauge length. The Young’s modulus was found by measuring the slope of the stress–strain curve in the initial linear elastic part. The toughness modulus was obtained by calculating the area under the stress–strain curve. We did not make any selection of the data obtained, the values for all fibers tested are shown in Table S1 .
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