Dulbecco s modified minimal essential medium dmem

All chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise specified. Tocotrienol was obtained from Davos Life Ltd (Helios, Singapore). L-glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin, and HEPES buffer were purchased from Mediatech (Herndon, VA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from HyClone (Logan, UT, USA). Dulbecco's modified minimal essential medium (DMEM) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Ethanol (100%) was purchased from Aaper Alcohol and Chemical (Shelbyville, KY, USA). Immortalized human pancreatic normal epithelial cells with empty vector (HPNE-V) and Kras-transformed HPNE cells (HPNE-Kras) were gifts from Dr. Paul Campbell (Moffitt Cancer Center). M3:F medium was purchased from INCELL (San Antonio, TX). Human pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2 and DMEM F12 medium (M36115-42PS) were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA). The human highly metastatic pancreatic cancer L3.6pl cell line expressing luciferase was gift from Dr. Jose Trevino (University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA). Pancreatic CSCs and growth medium were purchased from Celprogen Inc. (Torrance, CA, USA).

Huh-7^{49 (link)} hepatocarcinoma and Huh-106^{33 (link)} (a subclone of NTCP-expressing Huh-7 cells) cells were grown in William’s E medium (Invitrogen, France) supplemented with nonessential amino acids, 2 mM L-glutamine, 10 mM HEPES buffer, 100 U/mL of penicillin, 100 µg/mL of streptomycin, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Huh-7.5 cells (kind gift of C Rice) and 293T kidney (ATCC CRL-1573) cells were grown in Dulbecco’s modified minimal essential medium (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 100 U/mL of penicillin, 100 µg/mL of streptomycin, and 10% FBS. The C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells (ATCC CRL-1660) were grown in DMEM medium supplemented with 100 U/mL of penicillin, 100 µg/mL of streptomycin, L-glutamine, and 10% FBS at 28 ^oC.