All surgeries were performed under general anesthesia with isoflurane in oxygen-enriched air using an operating microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), and rodent stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf, Tujunga, CA). Laminectomy of a single vertebra was performed and severe crush SCI were made at the level of T10 to expose the spinal cord. For severe spinal cord injury (SCI), No. 5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA) without spacers and with a tip width of 0.5 mm were used to completely compress the entire spinal cord laterally from both sides for 5 seconds7 (link)20 (link). All animals received analgesic prior to wound closure and every 12 hours for at least 48 hours post-injury.
No 5 dumont forceps
Manufactured by Fine Science Tools
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The No. 5 Dumont forceps are a precision instrument designed for delicate handling and manipulation of small objects in laboratory settings. With their fine, pointed tips, these forceps offer a secure grip for tasks requiring a high degree of control and dexterity.
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Lab products found in correlation
10 protocols using no 5 dumont forceps
1
Severe Spinal Cord Injury Model
2
Spinal Cord Injury and Urinary Dysfunction in Mice
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Eight-week-old female ICR mice (specific pathogen-free grade, 23–28 g, Animal Center of Nantong University; license No. SYXK [Su] 2017-0046) were anesthetized throughout the surgery with isoflurane (1–1.5%, flow rate: 200 mL/minute) in oxygenized air supplied by a standard small animal anesthesia device (RWD; Shenzhen, China). SCI leads to urine retention in mice, and male mice are more likely to suffer from urethritis and die than female mice. In addition, the experimental period was up to 12 weeks in this study. Considering the survival rate of mice after SCI, female mice were selected (Wu et al., 2021).
The spinal cord was exposed by a T9–T10 laminectomy. A complete compression injury was induced for 10 seconds by bilateral compression with No. 5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA, USA) (Anderson et al., 2018). The overlying muscle was closed with sutures. Wound clips were utilized to close the skin incision. The SCI mice were randomly divided into four groups: AAV-shCtrl, AAV-shPTB, Control ASO, and PTB-ASO groups, each of which included 25 mice.
The spinal cord was exposed by a T9–T10 laminectomy. A complete compression injury was induced for 10 seconds by bilateral compression with No. 5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA, USA) (Anderson et al., 2018). The overlying muscle was closed with sutures. Wound clips were utilized to close the skin incision. The SCI mice were randomly divided into four groups: AAV-shCtrl, AAV-shPTB, Control ASO, and PTB-ASO groups, each of which included 25 mice.
3
Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
4
Spinal Cord Crush Injury in Mice
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All SCI surgery instruments were performed under anesthesia with intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital according to our previous method [21 (link)]. Female mice aged 8–10 weeks underwent a single laminectomy at the T10 level. Severe spinal cord crush injury was induced by the constant compression of No. 5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA) from the space between the pedicles for 5 s. A clear linear red clamp mark was observed at the spinal forceps site. The mice were placed in an incubator (22–24°C) until fully awakened. All mice were given fluid supplementation and analgesia after surgery. Bladder evacuation was performed twice a day to prevent urinary retention.
5
Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice
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All the surgical procedures were performed under pentobarbital anesthesia. The skin around the lesion core was shaved and disinfected using iodophor. Subsequently, the T10 spinal cord was exposed via a dorsal laminectomy, which was located spinous process of mice, cut open the back skin about 2 cm, separate soft tissue to posterior lamina and open with rongeur to expose the spinal cord, and moderately severe crush SCIs were made using No. 5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools, 11,252–20, Heidelberg, Germany) ground down to a tip with a width of 0.5 mm by compressing the cord laterally from both sides for 5 s (Wanner et al., 2013 (link)). Then, twitching of the hind limbs and movement of the tail were observed, which indicated that the SCI model was successfully established. Finally, the wound was sutured with 3–0 silk threads. The mice with SCI were examined daily to monitor their recovery, and their bladders were expressed manually three times a day until the return of reflexive bladder control. The sham group were subjected to laminectomy alone. The mice were sacrificed at 3, 7 and 14 days after SCI.
6
Rodent Spinal Cord Injury Protocol
7
Spinal Cord Injury Surgical Protocol
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The surgical procedures for SCI were described previously (32 (link)). After mice were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), the T9 lamina was removed and a compressive injury to the spinal cord was inflicted with No. 5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools) modified with a spacer making the maximal closure 0.4 mm, which was applied for 60 s. Surgeries were performed by a surgeon who was blinded to the group allocation. The incision was closed in layers. Postoperatively, 1 mL of saline solution was administered to prevent dehydration. The bladder was pressed 2 times per day until the bladder reflex was re-established. All animals were housed 3 per cage in a controlled environment on a 12/12-h dark and light cycle.
8
Spinal Cord Injury in C57Bl/6 Mice
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A total of 114 C57Bl/6 female 3-5 month-old mice (30-35 g) were supplied by the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, UCLA. These mice were housed at 20-22 °C, in relative humidity of 40-60 %, and with illumination from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and allowed ad libitum access to food and water. The standard environmental enrichment for mice included social housing (3 animals/ cage) in traditional wire-topped cages (800 cm2) with 1-cm layer of wood chip bedding. Animal care, handling and treatments were carried out according to the rules and regulations of UCLA Animal Research Committee and Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine. Mice were anesthetized with inhalation of isoflurane in oxygen-rich air. After dorsal midline incision and exposure of the lumbar vertebrae, laminectomy was performed at the L1/L2 level to expose the spinal cord. Moderate crush SCI was made using No.5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools) ground down to a tip width of 0.4 mm and modified with a spacer so that at maximal closure a 0.4 mm space remained (Faulkner et al., 2004[5 (link)]). The behavior was tested before and every 24 h after performing SCI.
9
Spinal Cord Crush Injury in Mice
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All experimental procedures were approved by and performed in accordance with the standards of the Animal Welfare Committees of Tongji University in Shanghai, China, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA. Eight-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice weighing between 18 and 20 g were used. All animal operations were performed under general anesthesia with inhalant isoflurane (2%) delivered in an oxygen-enriched air using a dissecting microscope (Nikon/Zeiss), and rodent stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf). Laminectomy was performed at T9 to expose the spinal cord. No. 5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools) fixed on stereotaxic apparatus were used to crush the spinal cord with persisting for 3 s. For in sham group, only laminectomy was performed on the T9 lamina without subsequent crush injury. Animals were monitored daily to avoid infection, aberrant wound healing, or weight loss. The bladder was squeezed to assist micturition once a day until the mice were executed.
10
Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice
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All the surgical procedures were performed under pentobarbital anesthesia. The skin around the injury site was shaved and disinfected using iodophor. Subsequently, the T10 spinal cord was exposed via a dorsal laminectomy, and moderately severe crush SCIs were made using No. 5 Dumont forceps (Fine Science Tools, 11252-20, Heidelberg, Germany) ground down to a tip with a width of 0.5 mm by compressing the cord laterally from both sides for 5 s [14] . Then, twitching of the hind limbs and movement of the tail were observed, which indicated that the SCI model was successfully established.
Finally, the wound was sutured with 3 - 0 silk threads. The mice with SCI were examined daily to monitor their recovery, and their bladders were expressed manually three times a day until the return of re exive bladder control. The sham group were subjected to laminectomy alone. The mice were sacri ced at 3, 7 and 14 days after SCI.
Finally, the wound was sutured with 3 - 0 silk threads. The mice with SCI were examined daily to monitor their recovery, and their bladders were expressed manually three times a day until the return of re exive bladder control. The sham group were subjected to laminectomy alone. The mice were sacri ced at 3, 7 and 14 days after SCI.
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