D quinic acid

NeoChlorogenic acid was purchased from Baoji Guokang Bio-Technology Co. (Baoji City, China). Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and natural CDs (α-, β- and γ-CD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Modified CDs, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD, DS = 5) and methyl-β-CD (M-β-CD, DS = 5.4), were purchased from Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK). D-(-)-quinic acid was purchased from Alfa Aesar. 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from ThermoFisher (Madrid, Spain).

The Sorbus aucuparia L. berries were harvested from plantations from the Republic of Moldova. The ABTS reagent was provided by Alfa Aesar, the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, formic acid, and acetronitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). (+)-catechin 98%, morin hydrate, ellagic acid (≥95%), benzoic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, (+)-rutin trihydrate, syringic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid (98%), protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, parahydroxybenzoic acid, para-coumaric acid, quercetin (>95%), 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (99%), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were obtained from Sigma (Germany, Japan, China, India). D(-)-quinic acid (98%), sinapic acid (98%), and methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate (99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). Procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, polydatin, hyperoside, carotenoid standards, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Trans-resveratrol was purchased from TCI Europe (Zwijndrecht, Belgium). All spectrophotometric measurements were performed on the Specord 200 Plus (Jena, Germany) spectrophotometer.