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Open field chamber

Manufactured by Med Associates
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Open field chambers are laboratory devices used to assess the general activity and exploratory behavior of animals. These chambers provide a controlled environment for observing and recording the spontaneous locomotor activity of subjects.

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27 protocols using open field chamber

1

Open Field Behavioral Assessment

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Open field chambers, measuring 43 × 43 × 30 cm (W × L ×H), were obtained from Med Associates Inc. The Open field chambers were identical to the novel chambers used in the novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) (Figure 1 and Figure S1). Two arrays of 16 pulse-modulated infrared beams were installed on both X and Y dimensions to record the movement of the subject. Mice were allowed explore the chamber for 30 min. Their behaviors were recorded and analyzed with the “Activity” software from Med Associates Inc. We designated a square in the center of the area that occupied about a quarter of the total area as the central zone and defined the rest of the area as the periphery zone. We analyzed the total ambulatory distance and total ambulatory time as indications of motility and measured the activity of the subjects and time spent in the central zone as indicators of anxiety-related behavior.
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2

Open-field light/dark preference test

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Ube3am−/p+ and wild-type mice were individually placed in the open-field chamber (Med Associates, Inc.) for 10 min. A dark-box insert (Med Associates, Inc.) was placed into the chamber and represented the dark section of the arena. A light (60 W/600 lux) was used to illuminate the light section of the arena. Upon trial initiation, the mouse was placed into the light compartment. The time spent in each compartment was analyzed manually and using AnyMaze software, as before. A full transition was identified and recorded when all four paws were in the given arena.
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3

Open Field Test for Rat Locomotor Activity

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The rats from each experimental group were subjected to an open field test on day 13 post-ischemia using an open field chamber (17” L × 17” W × 12” H; Med Associates Inc., St. Albans, VT) (Prut et al., 2003 (link)). To start the trial, rats were placed into the center of the open field and allowed to explore the apparatus for 30 minutes. For each trial, the open field box was thoroughly cleaned with 70% ethanol solution and afterward by dry paper towels. The analysis included the distance traveled by the rat over the arena in 30 minutes.
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4

Open-Field Test for Exploratory Behavior

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Open-field test was performed in an open field chamber under dim light (length, 40 cm; width, 40 cm; height, 30 cm) (Med Associates) (58 ). Mice were gently placed in the center of the chamber and allowed to move freely for 8 min. The EthoVision XT 8.5 tracking software (Noldus) was used to analyze exploratory tracks and time in the center zones (inner 25% of the surface area, away from the walls).
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5

BT44 Tolerability and BBB Penetration in Mice

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The
BT44 tolerability in mice was studied in experiments with crossover
design. The mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into
eight groups (three mice in each group). In the first period of the
experiment, mice from group one to eight were subcutaneously injected
with normal saline, propylene glycol (PG), plain polymer (355 and
586 mg/kg), nanoformulated BT44 at 25 and 50 mg/kg, and BT44 dissolved
in PG (25 and 50 mg/kg), respectively. The subcutaneous injection
volume was 10 mL/kg. The amount of plain polymer used was the same
as the polymer present in the nanoformulated BT44 in the in
vivo
experiment. After a 7 day washout period, study agents
were reshuffled between the groups so that each group received a different
study agent after each washout period. One hour after injection, mice
were placed in the corner of an Open-field chamber (30 × 30 cm,
Med Associates), and the locomotor activity was monitored for 15 min.
The health condition of the mice was monitored by experienced personnel
on a daily basis during the entire time span of the experiment. After
the second treatment period, animals were terminated, and blood and
brain were collected for absorption and BBB penetration analysis.
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6

Spatial Memory Assessment in Rats

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All rats were allowed to habituate to an empty, open field chamber (43 cm × 43 cm; Med Associates) under dim light for a period of 5 min on three occasions. Within 24 h of the last day of WIN exposure (PND 60 for self-administration (SA) rats, PND 54 for IP rats), all rats underwent short-term spatial memory testing in the same open field chamber. Two objects were placed evenly from opposing corners in the chamber, and rats were allowed to explore the objects for a period of 5 min. Objects were similar in material (glass/ceramic) and dimension (11 cm × 11 cm). Rats were returned to their home cages, and one of the objects was moved to a new spatial location. Following a 35-min delay, rats were again allowed to explore the objects in the chamber. Typically, rats prefer novelty; hence a rat with intact spatial memory will spend more time examining the object in the novel location, compared to the time spent examining the object in the familiar location. All rats performed this task and the chamber was cleaned with 70% ethanol between trials. Data were collected and analyzed offline using AnyMaze software (Stoelting, Wood Dale, IL, USA).
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7

Fentanyl-Induced Neuronal Tagging and Imaging

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Tagging of fentanyl-activated neurons was conducted as previously described.96 (link)–98 (link) ArcTRAP;Ai140;D1-tdT mice were first habituated to the open field chamber (Med Associates, 43 cm × 43 cm × 21 cm height) with saline injections (i.p.) for two days, followed by three consecutive days of saline or fentanyl injections (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.). On day 5, 4-OHT (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 30 min after finishing the locomotion test. Three weeks after the tagging, mice were perfused, and brain slices were imaged by confocal microscopy. Images were analyzed using Imaris software (Bitplane).
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8

Open Field Behavioral Analysis

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Open field analysis was completed on Nme1 OX or
Control OX animals at 9 weeks of age as previously described (Hachigian et al., 2017 (link)). Total
horizontal activity, resting time, and stereotypic movements were
measured over 60 min in Med Associates Inc. (Fairfax, VT) open field
chamber equipped with infrared break-beam sensors.
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9

Open Field Exploration in Mice

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Mice were tested in an open field chamber (27.3 cm × 27.3 cm × 20.3 cm; Med Associates, St. Albans, VT) for a total of 60 min, as described previously (Dillon et al., 2008 (link); Kornecook et al., 2010 (link); Mably et al., 2015 (link)). Infrared beams across the chamber track the animal’s placement and movement within the chamber. Data were analyzed using Activity Monitor software (Med Associates, St. Albans, VT) to calculate the distance travelled. Zone analysis gathered using the same system allowed calculation of percentage time spent in the center of the open field chamber.
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10

Somatic Withdrawal Symptoms in Rats

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For spontaneous somatic withdrawal, rats underwent withdrawal scoring before surgery and drug treatment began, and 1, 4, 18, and 48 h after the last drug injection. Somatic symptoms were assessed for 30 min following 30 min habituation to the open field chamber (17″ × 17″ × 12″) (Med Associates, St. Albans, VT). An observer blind to drug groups scored the following symptoms: body shakes, tremors, eye blinks, genital licks, gasps, head shakes, ptosis, teeth chattering, yawns, and writhes [30 (link)]. Withdrawal was defined as a significant increase in total withdrawal symptoms as compared to the saline group at the same time point. Catheter patency was verified by rapid anesthesia following infusion of 0.1 mL of propofol (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL) after scoring the 4 h withdrawal time point. Animals without patent catheters were excluded from analysis.
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