Escherichia coli dh5α and

Sodium dithionite (SDT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. β-Mercaptoethanol (βME) was from Calbiochem. Dithiothreitol (DTT) was from Amresco. Guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) was from Chem-Impex. G-25 Sephadex resin was from GE Healthcare. Ni-NTA agarose resin was from Qiagen. SAM was enzymatically synthesized from l-methionine and ATP using the same protocol as described before.^{14 (link)}Escherichia coli DH5α and BL21(DE3) competent cells were from Invitrogen. N-terminally His₆-tagged Staphylococcus aureus wt-MoaA or a C24S/C28S/C31S MoaA triple variant (ΔRS-MoaA) in pET15b was expressed, purified, and characterized using the same protocol as described before.^{14 (link)} Evaluation of statistical significance was carried out using GraphPad Prism 7. All anaerobic experiments were carried out in an MBRAUN glovebox maintained at 10 ± 2 °C with an O₂ concentration <0.1 ppm. All anaerobic buffers were degassed on a Schlenk line and equilibrated in the glovebox overnight. All plastic devices were evacuated in the antechamber of the glovebox overnight before use.

T. forsythia wild-type (WT) strain ATCC 43037 (American Type Culture Collection) and the knockout mutant ΔTffuc1 were grown anaerobically at 37 °C for 4–7 d in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth or 0.8% (w/v) BHI agar, supplemented with N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM), horse serum and gentamycin as described previously.^{32 (link)}Escherichia coli DH5α and BL21 (DE3) (Invitrogen) were cultivated in selective Luria Bertani (LB) medium (agar and broth) supplemented with 100 μg/ml ampicillin (Amp). All strains and plasmids used in the course of this study are summarised in Table 3.