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Proline

Manufactured by Bayer
Sourced in Italy, Canada, Germany

Proline is a precision laboratory equipment designed for conducting various analytical and experimental procedures. It offers accurate and reliable performance for researchers and scientists. The core function of Proline is to provide a stable and controlled environment for conducting diverse laboratory operations.

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3 protocols using proline

1

Fusarium Head Blight Management Strategies

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The durum wheat cultivar Normanno, susceptible to FHB agents, was sown in autumn 2012 at the University Farm of Bologna, where durum wheat cultivation is repeated every year. The field was subdivided into small subplots (1 m x 2.2 m), one subplot represented one replication, and four replications were used for each treatment. Infection of heads by Fusarium spp. was dependent on naturally occurring levels of inoculum and rainfall (20 rainfall events for a total of 5.85 cm of rain, from flowering until ripening, were observed). The wheat stage of growth was measured using the Zadoks growth stage (GS) [40 (link)].
Four different treatments were designed: untreated subplots (Ctr), subplots treated with a prothioconazole-based fungicide (Proline®, Bayer Crop Science, Italy), according to the manufacturer instructions (Chem), subplots weekly treated with a suspension of the two microorganisms from heading (GS 50) to the beginning of flowering (GS 67) (Bio-1), subplots treated twice with the microorganisms suspension at GS 67 and at mid-flowering (GS 70) (Bio-2).
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2

Triazole Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusarium Pathogens

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The sensitivity of F. poae and F. graminearum to triazole fungicides, including Caramba® (metconazole, BASF Canada), Prosaro® (prothioconazole + tebuconazole, BAYER Canada), Folicur® (tebuconazole, BAYER Canada), and Proline® (prothioconazole, BAYER Canada), was analysed using a potato-dextrose-agar (PDA)-based petri plate assay, supplemented with different concentrations of fungicide active ingredients. Fifteen F. poae and 15 F. graminearum strains were included in the analysis. These Fusarium strains were randomly selected from the Fusarium strains isolated from barley samples collected from 2017 to 2019. The in vitro assay was carried out in triplicate at two doses (0.01 and 0.10 mg of active ingredient (ai)/L PDA). The incubation protocol of the plates was as described by Spolti et al. [15 (link)]. The petri plates were incubated at 25 °C for 3 days, and then the mycelial growth of Fusarium strains measured. Mycelial growth inhibition (colony diameters on each plate) was determined according to: % inhibition=radial growth of untreated control plateradial growth of treated plateradial growth of untreated control plate×100
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3

Adepidyn Fungicide Reduces Wheat Fusarium

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The proposed pre-harvest strategy to control Fusarium head blight (FHB) and related deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of wheat in the UK was the use of a newly developed fungicide Adepidyn™ (developed by Syngenta, Basel, Switzerland). Wheat is the most widely grown arable food and feed crop in the UK with an average annual production of 14.5 MT in the period 2006 to 2013 (Defra, 2018) . Adepidyn is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide having activity against Fusarium species, which other SDHIs do not have. A field experiment was conducted in four randomised blocks of winter wheat. The experimental plot was inoculated with Fusarium graminearum in the spring followed by mist irrigation during flowering. Plots were treated with various treatments including Adepidyn and the current industry standard fungicide, Proline (Bayer CropScience, Leverkusen, Germany) at half and full rates, or left untreated at early flowering. At harvest, yield was determined and the grain was milled and analysed for DON concentration using ELISA (Agraquant; Romer Labs, Getzersdorf, Austria). With the use of the Adepidyn fungicide to control FHB, a reduction of 80% in levels of DON compared to untreated wheat was achieved. Furthermore, a reduction of 54% in levels of DON, compared to the use of the standard fungicide Proline, in wheat kernels at harvest was expected to be achieved.
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