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9 protocols using p450 glo cyp3a4

1

Quantifying Hepatic Protein and CYP Activity

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Albumin (ALB) secretion was measured in the culture medium by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for human ALB (ICL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity was detected by luminescence using the P450‐Glo CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP2B6 kits (Promega).
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2

Quantifying CYP3A4 Activity via Luminometry

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To measure the CYP3A4 activity, we performed lytic assays by using a P450-Glo CYP3A4 (catalog number; V9001) Assay Kit (Promega). We measured the fluorescence activity with a luminometer (Lumat LB 9507; Berthold) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The CYP3A4 activity was normalized with the protein content per well.
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3

Cytochrome P450 Induction Assay Protocol

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P450-Glo CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2D6 assay kits were purchased from Promega Corporation. Spheroid 96-well microplates used for the growth of 3D cell spheroid cultures and the black wall/clear bottom 96-well plates were purchased from Corning Life Sciences. The positive controls for induction assays were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. SH-SY5Y and neural stem cells were plated at 30,000 per well in 80μL of the culture medium in black wall/clear bottom 96-well or spheroid 96-well plates. The assay plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. For induction assays, 10μL of omeprazole (CYP1A2) or rifampicin (CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) with eight concentrations ranging from 21 nM to 46μM were transferred to the assay plates. After the assay plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h, 10μL P450-Glo substrates [ 3μM Luc-IPA (3A4); 10μM Luc-ME EGE (2D6); 6μM Luc-1A2; 3μM Luc-2B6] were added to assay wells. The assay plates were incubated at 37°C for an additional 1 h. The reactions were stopped by the addition of 100μL P450-Glo detection reagents for each assay. After 20 min incubation at room temperature, the luminescence intensity was quantified using ViewLux™ plate reader. Data were expressed as relative luminescence units. Each data point represents the mean±standard deviation (SD) of three experiments.
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4

Cytochrome P450 Activity Measurement

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Cytochrome P450 activity was measured using the Promega P450-Glo CYP3A4 and Promega P450 CYP1A2 Assay kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Data were normalised to milligram of protein per milliliter.
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5

Measuring Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity

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Following the manufacturer's protocol, cytochrome P450 enzyme activity was measured using a P450-Glo Assay Kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). Approximately 100 aggregates were isolated from each group of culture systems at the end of the hepatic differentiation. For the CYP3A4 assay, the aggregates were incubated in an hepatocyte culture medium (HCM) with BulletKit supplementation and 20 μM rifampicin solution (Sigma-Aldrich) for 48 h. CYP1A2 activity was evaluated by incubating the aggregates in the HCM Hepatocyte Culture Medium with BulletKit containing 50 μM omeprazole solution (Sigma-Aldrich) for 48 h. For the CYP2B6 activity assay, the aggregates were incubated with the HCM with BulletKit supplement containing 1000 μM phenobarbital solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) for 48 h. The CYP activity value was normalized to the number of cells tested. The activity of CYP2B6 was tested using P450-Glo CYP2B6 (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), CYP3A4 using P450-Glo CYP3A4 (Promega), and CYP1A2 using P450-Glo CYP1A2 (Promega).
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6

CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Enzymatic Assay

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The experiments were provided using commercially available luminescent CYP3A4 P450-Glo™ and CYP2D6 P450-Glo™ tests purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). The enzymatic reactions were conducted in polystyrene, flat-bottom Nunc™ MicroWell™ 96-well microplates (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The assays were carried out according to the procedures provided by the manufacturer, as described previously [38 (link),41 (link),42 (link)]. Compounds were tested in triplicate at the final concentrations in a range from 0.01 to 25 µM for both isoforms of CYP450. The references of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitors (ketoconazole and quinidine, respectively) were tested in a range from 0.001 to 10 µM. Tested compounds were incubated in 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer separately with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 membranes and the NADPH Regeneration System for 30 min at room temperature in triplicate. The bioluminescent signal was measured after the addition of the Luciferin Detection Reagent by using a microplate reader EnSpire PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA). Both reagents (NADPH Regeneration System and Luciferin Detection Reagent) were purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).
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7

Toxicity Evaluation of Compound 14

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All applied in vitro methods for assessment of compound 14’s toxicity were described previously. The luminescent CYP3A4 P450-Glo™ and CYP2D6 P450-Glo™ assays and protocols were provided by Promega® (Madison, WI, USA). Compound 14 was tested in triplicate at the final concentrations from 0.1 to 25 μM. Hepatoma HepG2 (ATCC® HB-8065™) and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y (ATCC® CRL-2266™) cell lines were obtained directly from ATCC® (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA). The CellTiter 96® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Compound 14 was incubated with cells in four repetitions in the concentration range 0.1–100 μM. The additional test was performed with SH-SY5Y cells in the concentration range 0.001–1 µM. During the toxicity examination, the luminescent signal and the absorbance (490 nm) were measured by using a microplate reader EnSpire PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA).
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8

Nuclear Receptor Ligand Assays

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For nuclear receptor ligands treatment, cells were cultured in William E medium supplemented with 1x glutamax, HCMTM SingleQuots Kit (no EGF was added, and 5 microliters of insulin was used for 500 ml medium), trace element A (500 μL), trace element B (500 μL), 5.35 μg/mL linoleic acid with different concentration of T3 (3nM-10μM) or retinoic acid (20 nM-1μM). For thyroid hormone antagonist experiments, a final concentration of 3 μM antagonist (1–850) was used with 3 nM T3.
For measuring CYP3A4 activity with CYP3A4 P450-Glo (Promega), IPA-luciferin was diluted 1:1000 in William E medium supplemented with 1x glutamax, HCMTM SingleQuots Kit (no EGF was added, and 5 microliters of insulin was used for 500 ml medium), trace element A (500 μL), trace element B (500 μL), 5.35 μg/mL linoleic acid and incubated in a 37 °C cell culture incubator. After 2 hours, 50 μL conditioned medium from each sample was mixed with 50 μL reconstituted luciferin detection reagent in a white opaque 96-well plate and incubated at room temperature for 20 min before data collection with a SpectraMax microplate reader (Molecular Devices).
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9

Luminescent CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Assays

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The luminescent CYP3A4 P450-Glo™ and CYP2D6 P450-Glo™ assays and protocols were provided by Promega.38 (link) The reference drugs ketoconazole (KE) and quinidine (QD) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The enzymatic reactions were accomplished in white polystyrene, flat-bottom Nunc™ MicroWell™ 96-Well Microplates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The luminescence signal was measured by using a microplate reader in luminescence mode (EnSpire; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The IC50 value of KE was determined and calculated as reported previously.39 (link) The IC50 value of the reference drug QD was determined according to the manufacturer’s recommendations at the final concentrations of 0.1–100 nM. The final concentrations of test ligands were comparable for both CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 assays and were in the range of 0.025–25 µM.
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