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8 protocols using bioanalyzer 2100 dna chip 7500

1

Targeted Enrichment of Clinically Relevant Genes

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The FFPE and Non-FFPE samples were pooled separately using 500 ng of library for each sample. These two pools of libraries were then hybridized in solution to the HGSC VCRome 2.1 design (Bainbridge et al, 2011 (link)) (42 Mb [mega base]; NimbleGen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol NimbleGen SeqCap EZ Exome Library SR User’s Guide (Version 2.2) with minor revisions. For ∼3,500 clinically relevant genes that had low coverage (<20× coverage at ∼2.72 Mb sequencing data) probes were supplemented with PKv1 and PKv2 reagent spiked into the VCRome 2.1. Human COT1 DNA and xGen Universal Blocking oligonucleotides (Integrated DNA Technologies) were added into the hybridization to block repetitive genomic sequences and the adaptor sequences and hybridization was carried out at 42°C for 72 h. Post-capture LM-PCR amplification was performed using the Library Amplification Readymix containing KAPA HiFi DNA Polymerase (Cat no. KK2612; Kapa Biosystems, Inc.) with 12 cycles of amplification. After the final AMPure XP bead purification, quantity and size of the capture library was analyzed using the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 DNA Chip 7500.
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2

RNA Extraction and RNA-seq Analysis

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For RNA extractions, tissue sections were first lysed and homogenized with the TissueLyser (Qiagen). Subsequent RNA extractions were performed with the Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. The RNA quality was assessed with a Bioanalyzer 2100 DNA Chip 7500 (Agilent Technologies), and samples with an RNA integrity number (RIN) of over 7 were further analyzed by RNA-seq. All sequencing reactions were performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). RNA-seq was performed with RNA extracted from FFPE samples (n = 45). cDNA libraries were prepared from poly(A)-selected RNA by applying the Illumina TruSeq protocol for mRNA. The libraries were then sequenced with a 2 × 100 bp paired-end protocol. We used HISAT2 (version 2.1.0) with the default setting to map the RNA-seq data to the human reference genome (NCBI38/hg38). We aggregated the read counts at the gene level using HTSeq.
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3

Nucleic Acid Extraction from Fresh-Frozen and FFPE Tissues

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Nucleic acids were extracted from fresh-frozen tissue specimen which were processed to 15–30 sections each of 20 µm thickness at a cryostat maintaining a temperature of −20 °C (Leica). In the case of FFPE samples, 6–10 sections of 10 µm thickness were prepared.
DNA was extracted from fresh-frozen tissues, EDTA blood, or FFPE samples using the Gentra Puregene DNA extraction kit (Qiagen) following the protocol of the manufacturer. DNA isolates were hydrated in TE-buffer and confirmed to be of high molecular weight (>10 kb) by agarose gel electrophoresis. Genomic DNA from fresh-frozen samples with evident signs of degradation were excluded from further sequencing studies.
For RNA extractions, tissue sections were first lysed and homogenized with the Tissue Lyzer (Qiagen). Subsequent RNA extractions were performed with the Qiagen RNAeasy Mini Kit according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The RNA quality was assessed at the Bioanalyzer 2100 DNA Chip 7500 (Agilent Technologies) and samples with a RNA integrity number (RIN) of over 7 were further analysed by RNA-seq.
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4

RNA-seq Analysis of SCLC Cell Lines

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RNA was extracted from SCLC cells (H69 and H69AR). The RNA quality was assessed with a Bioanalyzer 2100 DNA Chip 7500 instrument (Agilent Technologies), and samples with an RNA integrity number (RIN) of over 7 were further analysed by RNA-seq. All sequencing reactions were performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). We used HISAT2 (version 2.1.0) with the default setting to map the RNA-seq data to the human reference genome (NCBI38/hg38). We aggregated the read counts at the gene level using HTSeq. The R package ‘edgeR’ was used to analyse the difference in gene expression data (raw count), and the R package ‘complexHeatmap’ was used to visualize the results [30 (link), 31 (link)].
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5

Exome Capture and Sequencing Protocol

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The pre-capture libraries were pooled as a 4-plex (approximately 500 ng/sample, 1 ug per pool) and hybridized in solution to the HGSC CORE design42 (link) (52Mb, NimbleGen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol (NimbleGen SeqCap EZ Exome Library SR User’s Guide) with minor revisions. Human COT1 DNA and full-length Illumina adaptor-specific blocking oligonucleotides were added into the hybridization to block repetitive genomic sequences and the adaptor sequences, followed by post-capture LM-PCR amplification using the 2X SOLiD Library High Fidelity Amplification Mix with 14 cycles of amplification. After the final SPRI bead purification, quantity and size of the capture library was analyzed using the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 DNA Chip 7500. The efficiency of the capture was evaluated by performing a qPCR-based quality assay on the four standard NimbleGen internal controls. Successful enrichment of the capture libraries was estimated to range from a 6 to 9 of ΔCt value over the non-enriched samples.
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6

Targeted Exome Sequencing Enrichment

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For capture enrichment, pools of libraries (~104 ng/library and 48 libraries/pool) were prepared, and 5.0 ug/pool was used for in-solution hybridization to custom capture a design [150825_HG19_10bp_Mende_chr_EZ_HX3] that covered all exons and 10 bp intron-exon boundary regions on each side of the exons of the 47 genes (Nimblegen).
Human COT1 DNA and full-length blocking oligonucleotides (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) were added into the hybridization to block repetitive genomic sequences and the adaptor sequences. Hybridization was done at 56 °C O/N. Post-capture LM-PCR amplification was performed using the Library Amplification Readymix containing KAPA HiFi DNA Polymerase (Kapa Biosystems, Inc., Cat # KK2612) with 12 cycles of amplification. After the final AMPure XP bead purification, quantity and size of the capture library was analyzed using an Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 DNA Chip 7500. The enriched library pools (48 libraries/pool or 96 per lane) were sequenced on a HiSeq 2000 to generate 2 × 100 bp reads. On average, for these 134 samples, including 47 samples that were whole genome amplified, 397 Mb of mapped sequence data (295 Mb unique with 537.38× sequence coverage) across the length of the targeted region were generated. On average, 96% of bases in the design were covered at a ≥ 20× depth.
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7

Genomic DNA Isolation and Sequencing

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Genomic DNA was isolated from overnight cultures using a Wizard Genomic DNA purification kit (Promega, Madison, WI) and quantified with PicoGreen (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). Sequencing libraries were prepared using the Illumina Paired-End Sample Preparation Kit according to the manufacturer's protocol but with the recommended modification of performing gel extraction incubations at room temperature [35] (link). Prior to sequencing, library quality and insert size were evaluated on an Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 DNA 7500 chip. Libraries were sequenced at the Iowa State University DNA Facility on an Illumina GAIIx for either 75 cycles (strains SW114, 12939, 84-15995, H465, and D74) or 100 cycles (strains Nagasaki, MN-H, 29755, 174 and SW140). GenBank accession numbers for the genomes are given in Table 2 and Kuehn et al. [36] (link).
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8

DamID Profiling of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells

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Primary mouse OPC were plated on day 1 and then transduced either with lentiviral vectors expressing either tethered LMNB1-Dam or untethered Dam on day 2. OPC expressing LMNB1-Dam or Dam alone were kept proliferating in the presence of mitogens (PDGF-AA 20 ng/ml and FGF 10 ng/ml). OL were differentiated by mitogen removal and thyroid hormone (T3 30 ng/ml) supplementation in chemically defined medium. Cells were harvested for isolation of genomic DNA after 72 h.
DamID was performed as previously described [28 (link)]. Briefly, genomic DNA was isolated from harvested cells. Adenine-methylated fragments were amplified from genomic DNA using a methylation specific PCR amplification protocol, and fragments purified using Qiaquick columns (Qiagen). The DamID PCR products were then sheared to a range of 100–500 bp with a peak around 300 bp. After shearing, the DNA was further purified and concentrated using Agencourt magnetic beads. The DNA was then analyzed on an Agilent BioAnalyzer 2100 DNA 7500 chip. The sheared material was used to prepare Illumina sequencing libraries using TruSeq DNA HT Sample Prep Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Libraries were quantified on an Agilent BioAnalyzer 2100 DNA 7500 chip and processed for sequencing, using an Illumina HiSeq2500.
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