Sodium glycocholate

The PTRSS was provided by Linchuan Jinshan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Fuzhou, China). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, phosphorothioic iron chromogenic, 85% concentrated phosphoric acid, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium cholate, trypsin, oleuropein O, and pepsin were provided by Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Melanin-allele-mutant translucent ab-strain zebrafish and ms-222 anesthetic were provided by Shanghai Fei Xi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Egg yolk powder and instant sea salt for birds were provided by Beijing Kaiyuan Feed Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Kauai Enamine San was provided by Nanjing Hou Sheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The rest of the reagents were analytically pure. The PTRSS was characterized with a Nicolet 6700 FTIR Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) and centrifuged with an SC-04 centrifuge (Anhui Zhongke Zhongjia Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd., China). Zebrafish were observed with a Zeiss 508 stereomicroscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).

Dehulled quinoa cultivar ‘Jili 3’ was grown and harvested at Zhangjiakou Yuerwan Quinoa Planting Cooperative, which is located in Zhangjiakou City (115°36′ E, 415°27′ N), Hebei Province, China. The seeds were preserved in the dark at −20 °C under vacuum until germination. GABA, with a purity ≥ 99%, and 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Threonine (99%), valine (99%), methionine (98%), isoleucine (98%), leucine (98%), phenylalanine (98%), lysine (98%), histidine (98%), arginine (98%), aspartate (98%), serine (98%), glutamate (98%), glycine (98%), alanine (98%), cysteine (98%), tyrosine (99%), proline (98%), gallic acid (99%), rutin (95%), saponin (98%), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (98%), sodium cholate (65%), sodium taurocholate (98%), sodium deoxycholate (98%), and sodium glycocholate (97%), as well as α-amylase (100,000 U/g), α-glucosidase (50,000 U/g), and pancreatic lipase (30,000 U/g), were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile (chromatographically pure) was purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals were analytical reagent grade.