Dogs were infested with I. ricinus of European origin (Germany, Bratislava, Ireland) and genetically enriched each year with new genetic seed stock from European countries. At each infestation time point, days −2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, approximately 50 viable unfed adult I. ricinus (20 ± 2 males, 30 ± 2 females) were applied to each dog. Each dog was infested with ticks in its housing location. The ticks were applied gently to the mid-thoracic region and allowed to crawl into the hair coat and select an attachment site. Tick infestation was performed on sedated dogs. The dogs were sedated using xylazine (20 mg/mL) (Xylapan®, Vetoquinol, Buckingham, UK or Chanazine®, Chanelle, Berkshire, IE) and ketamine (100 mg/mL) (Vetalar®, Zoetis, London, UK or Narketan 10®, Vetoquinol, Buckingham, UK) at a rate of 0.1 mL/kg each.
Vetalar
Manufactured by Zoetis
Sourced in United Kingdom
Vetalar is a sterile injectable anesthetic solution containing the active ingredient ketamine hydrochloride. It is designed for use in veterinary medicine to induce and maintain anesthesia in animals.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Domitor, by Orion Pharma (2 mentions)
Narketan 10, by Vetoquinol (1 mentions)
Xylapan, by Vetoquinol (1 mentions)
Insulin syringe, by Terumo (1 mentions)
29 g needle, by Terumo (1 mentions)
Rompun, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Phenylephrine hydrochloride, by Bausch & Lomb (1 mentions)
Tropicamide, by Bausch & Lomb (1 mentions)
4 protocols using vetalar
1
Tick Infestation on Sedated Dogs
2
Mouse Anesthesia and Reversal Protocol
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Mice were anaesthetised using 80 μg g−1 of body mass of ketamine (Vetalar, Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ, USA) and 10 μg g−1 xylazine (Rompun, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) administered via intraperitoneal injection using a 1 ml insulin syringe and 29 G needle (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). Ketamine and xylazine were mixed together with the appropriate volume of sterile water.
Anaesthestic reversal was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg g−1 of body mass of atipamezole (Antisedan, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland), made up with sterile water.
Anaesthestic reversal was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg g−1 of body mass of atipamezole (Antisedan, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland), made up with sterile water.
3
Retinal Imaging in Mouse Uveitis
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Mice were anaesthetised and fundi imaged using an otoscope-based fiber-optic light device as described previously (9 (link)). In brief, anaesthesia was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of 40 mg/kg Vetalar® (Fort Dodge Animal Health Ltd., Southampton, UK) and 0.2 - 1.0 mg/kg Domitor® (Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland) diluted in injectable water. Pupils were dilated with Minims 1% (w/v) tropicamide, and 2.5% (w/v) phenylephrine hydrochloride (both from Chauvin Pharmaceuticals Ltd, UK). Viscotears Carbomer 2 mg/g liquid gel (Alcon Eyecare UK Ltd., Camberley, UK) was used throughout the procedure as lubrication to prevent corneal drying and lens opacification. Images of the central and peripheral retina were taken. EAU severity was evaluated separately in terms of inflammation and chorioretinal atrophy using a scoring system as previously described (9 (link), 34 (link)).
4
Fundus Imaging and Grading in Mice
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Mice fundi were imaged using an otoscope-based fiber-optic light device as described previously (14 (link)). Following the Laboratory Animal Science Association’s (LASA) good practice guidelines for administration of substances, mice were anaesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of 40 mg/kg Vetalar® (Fort Dodge Animal Health Ltd., Southampton, United Kingdom) and 0.2 mg/kg Domitor® (Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland) diluted in injectable water. Pupils were dilated with Minims® 1% (w/v) Tropicamide, and 2.5% (w/v) Phenylephrine hydrochloride (both from Bausch & Lomb UK Ltd., Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom). Viscotears® Carbomer 2 mg/g liquid gel (Alcon Eyecare UK Ltd., Camberley, United Kingdom) was applied to the corneal surface to protect the cornea from drying during imaging. Severity of disease was graded on the appearance and number of fundus lesions using an inflammation scoring system modified from Xu et al. (14 (link)) (Supplementary Table 1 ) and an atrophy scoring system (12 (link)) (Supplementary Table 2 ).
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