Body composition analyzer

Participants were instructed to come to the lab in a 3-hour fasted state before the initial visit. During the initial visit height (Seca Standometer; Hamburg, Germany), weight (Befour Digital Scale; Soukvill Wisconsin), percent body fat (InBody Body Composition Analyzer; Seoul, Korea), and peak aerobic capacity ( $\stackrel{.}{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\text{peak}}$ ) were measured. Subjects rested for 15 minutes in the supine position prior to analyzing body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis to allow for fluid shifts. $\stackrel{.}{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\text{peak}}$ was conducted on a Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer (Lode Medical Technology, Groningen, the Netherlands) using a graded exercise protocol until volitional fatigue. Stage one of the graded protocol was set to 95 W of resistance for 3 minutes and then increased by 35 W every 3 minutes until the subject could no longer continue. The highest oxygen consumption recorded via the metabolic measurement system (Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400 System; Sandy, UT) was defined as the $\stackrel{.}{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\text{peak}}$ . Maximum workload was calculated as the highest completed stage (in watts) + the proportion of time in the last stage multiplied by the 35 W per stage increment. The workload for the experimental trial was set at 65% of the maximum workload.