Dental substrates (stored in saline) were prepared by high-speed diamond bur (006; Tizkavan, Iran) to create adequate amount of standard smear layer.
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The bonding surface area of composite blocks was etched for 5 seconds using K-Etchant (Kuraray) to remove impurities and was then rinsed and dried. Bis-Silane two-component ceramic primer (Bisco, United States) was rubbed on the bonding surface, allowed 30 seconds, and gently air dried for 20 seconds.
Dental substrates were also etched for 10 seconds using K-Etchant (Kuraray) and were then rinsed and air dried to obtain a glossy, moist (not too dry and not too wet) surface. ED Primer II (A + B; Kuraray) was applied on dental substrate bonding surface, allowed 30 seconds, and excess material was removed by a microbrush and gently air sprayed. Next, A and B pastes of Panavia cement were equally mixed and applied on the bonding surface area of composite and dental substrate. The samples were pressed by gentle finger pressure on the smooth surface of a glass slab in order for the excess cement to leak out. Excess cement was removed and the interface was light-cured for 20 seconds from each side using the LED light curing unit (Wood Pecker).