Catechin

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, France, Australia, India, Spain, United Kingdom, China, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan, Portugal, Canada, Switzerland, Brazil, Malaysia, Singapore, Macao, Belgium, Ireland, Mexico, Hungary

Catechin is a natural polyphenolic compound found in various plants, including green tea. It functions as an antioxidant, with the ability to scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress.

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Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

(+)-catechin hydrate (138 citations) Catechin gallate (33 citations) Catechin standard (15 citations) (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin (7 citations) D-catechin (7 citations) Standards of (+)-catechin (6 citations) (−)-catechin 3-gallate (4 citations) Catechin hydrate (CAT) (2 citations) (+)-Catechin (Cat) (2 citations) Catechin-2,3,4-13C3 (2 citations)

1 140 protocols using catechin

Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds

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The following standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany): catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, procyanidin B1 and B2, procyanidin A2, procyanidin C1, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, salicylic acid, catechin-2,3,4–¹³C₃ 99 atom % ¹³C (98 % CP), gallocatechin-2,3,4–¹³C₃ ≥ 99 atom % ¹³C (≥97 % CP), catechin-2,3,4–¹³C₃ gallate ≥99 atom % ¹³C (≥97 % CP), salicylic acid-D₄ certified reference material. Naringenin was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, U.S.A).
The following chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck-Millipore, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany): dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37 %), formic acid (FA, LiChropur 98–100 % LCMS grade), 2 M Folin-Ciocalteu′s phenol reagent (47641-500 ML-F), gallic acid (G7384-100G) and β-glucuronidase type H-1 from Helix pomatia. Sodium bicarbonate (S6014-500G, Fluka), methanol (85681.320, VWR), and acetonitrile (ACN, HiPerSolv Chromanorm) were purchased from VWR Chemicals (Radnor, PA, U.S.A.). Sodium acetate was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and glacial acetic acid from Fluka/Sigma-Aldrich (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, U.S.A; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).

Curtasu M.V, & Nørskov N.P. (2024). Quantitative distribution of flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, flavonols, flavanone and salicylic acid in five varieties of organic winter dormant Salix spp. by LC-MS/MS. Heliyon, 10(3), e25129.

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Antioxidant Capacity Determination Protocol

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Ethanol, Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), aluminum chloride hexahydrate, sodium nitrite, (+)-catechin, gallic acid monohydrate, sodium acetate anhydrous, potassium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate anhydrous, oxlalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactate, acetic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, sorbitol, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechol, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, caffeic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid, 4-methycatechol, epicatechin gallate, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and rutin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Yang H., Kim Y.J, & Shin Y. (2019). Influence of Ripening Stage and Cultivar on Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Compositions of Aronia Grown in South Korea. Foods, 8(12), 598.

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Polyphenol Analysis of Natural Compounds

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Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, DPPH, ABTS, gallic acid, catechin, nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), Tris-HCl, potassium hexacyanoferrate, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride, and para-methyl styrene (PMS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyphenol standards (i.e., chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, quercetin, and catechin) for HPLC analysis were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. HPLC-grade water, methanol, acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Fisher Scientific Company Llc. (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). All chemicals used in the described experiments were of an analytical grade.

Thi N.D, & Hwang E.S. (2014). Bioactive Compound Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) Leaves Collected at Different Growth Stages. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 19(3), 204-212.

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Determination of Total Flavonoid Content

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The total flavonoid content was determined using the modified Davis WB’s method [35 (link)]. This involved mixing 0.7 mL of diethylene glycol with 0.1 mL of RVS extract and adding 0.1 mL of 1 N NaOH solution. The mixture was left to react for 1 h in a dark room at room temperature, after which the absorbance was measured at 420 nm using a spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific Multiskan GO, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Catechin (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a reference material to calculate the total flavonoid content of RVS extract, expressed in terms of Catechin equivalents (mg CE/g extract). Average values were calculated from triplicate experiments.

Kim Y.R., Kim G.C, & Nam S.H. (2023). Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect of Rhus verniciflua Stokes Extract for Oral Application Potential. Medicina, 59(9), 1642.

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Antioxidant Assays and Phytochemical Analysis

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Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate, aluminium chloride, sodium hydroxide, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, vanillin, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC), iron chloride hexahydrate, 2,4,6 tripyridyl-striazine (TPTZ), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethyl-benzothiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2carboxylic acid (Trolox), sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium chloride, potassium persulfate, catechin and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). For gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, ellagic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillin, chlorogenic acid, all standards were HPLC grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC-grade acetonitrile was purchased from Tedia (Fairfield, OH, USA). HPLC-grade formic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents were analytical grade.

Muñoz-Bernal Ó.A., CORIA-OLIVEROS A.J., Vázquez‐Flores A.A., Rosa L.A.d.l., Paseiro‐Losada P., Rodrigo-García J., Ayala‐Zavala J.F., & Álvarez‐Parrilla E. (2020). Evolution of Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Profile during Cold Pre-fermentative Maceration and Subsequent Fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wine. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 41(1).

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Antioxidant Activity Evaluation

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Hydrogen peroxide, 2-deoxy-d-ribose, and (+)-taxifolin (referred to as taxifolin throughout the text) were obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). (±)-Catechin (referred to as catechin throughout the text), (+)-eriodictyol (referred to as eriodictyol throughout the text) and all other chemicals and organic solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemicals and organic solvents were of analytical grade. The water was of Milli-Q quality (Milli-Q Advantage A10 System, Milllipore SAS, Molsheim, France).

Chobot V., Hadacek F., Bachmann G., Weckwerth W, & Kubicova L. (2016). Pro- and Antioxidant Activity of Three Selected Flavan Type Flavonoids: Catechin, Eriodictyol and Taxifolin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(12), 1986.

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Quantifying Tannins in Mushroom Flours

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Vanillin-HCl method followed by Burns (1971) was employed to assess tannins in mushroom flours. The flour (1 g) was extracted with methanol (50 ml) at room temperature (24 h), centrifuged (1500 rpm) to collect the supernatant. Aliquots (1 ml) were treated with vanillin hydrochloride reagent (4% vanillin in methanol + 8% concentrated HCl in methanol; 1:1) (5 ml), incubated at room temperature (20 min), read absorbance of developed colour (500 nm) using catechin (98% High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) grade; Sigma Aldrich, USA) as standard to express tannins in mg of catechin equivalents per gram flour (mg CEs g⁻¹).

Pavithra M., Sridhar K.R., Greeshma A.A, & Tomita-Yokotani K. (2016). Bioactive potential of the wild mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus in South-west India. Mycology, 7(4), 191-202.

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Quantifying Catechin Content in Extracts

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The concentration of catechins was determined spectrophotometrically by the method based on the ability of catechins to produce a crimson color in a solution of vanillin in concentrated hydrochloric acid [44 (link),45 ]. A 0.8 mL aliquot of extract was placed into two test tubes. Next, 4 mL of a 1% solution of vanillin in concentrated hydrochloric acid was poured into one of them, and the volumes were adjusted to 5 mL in both tubes with concentrated hydrochloric acid. A tube without vanillin was utilized as a control. If catechins were present, the sample turned pink, raspberry, or orange-red. After 5 min, the intensity of colors was measured on SF-56 (Lomo, St. Petersburg, Russia) at 504 nm in a cuvette with a light path of 1 cm. The standard curve was constructed with (±)-catechin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), concentration 0.001–0.02 mg/mL. The content of catechins was expressed in milligrams of (±)-catechin equivalents per gram of a dry extract using the standard curve.

Kaidash O.A., Kostikova V.A., Udut E.V., Shaykin V.V, & Kashapov D.R. (2022). Extracts of Spiraea hypericifolia L. and Spiraea crenata L.: The Phenolic Profile and Biological Activities. Plants, 11(20), 2728.

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Comprehensive Reagent Profiling for Research

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All chemical reagents were of analytical grade without the purification, which were nutrient agar and nutrient broth (HiMedia, India), 99.9% ethanol (C₂H₅OH) (RCI Labscan, Thailand), 65% nitric acid (HNO₃) (Merck, Germany), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (RCI Labscan, Thailand), 99.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (C₂H₆OS or DMSO) (SDFCL, India), sodium alginate (Merck, Germany), calcium chloride (CaCl₂) (KEMAUS, New Zealand), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), gallic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), rutin (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), vanillin (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), catechin (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl₃) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). For HPLC analysis, the methanol (CH₃OH), ethanol, and standard chemicals of eugenol, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, ascorbic acid, hydroxychavicol, rutin, syringic acid, catechin, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferrulic acid, myrecetin, and gallic acid were HPLC grade (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (RCI Labscan, Thailand) and 1% nitric acid (HNO₃) (Merck, Germany) were used for pH adjustments.

Ngamsurach P, & Praipipat P. (2022). Antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of extracted Piper betle leaf materials by disc diffusion assay and batch experiments. RSC Advances, 12(40), 26435-26454.

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Comprehensive Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

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N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), alkane standards (C₈-C₂₀ and C₂₁-C₄₀), meta-Phosphoric acid, 2,6-Dichloroindophenol sodium salt hydrate, l-ascorbic acid, (+)-catechin, vanillin reagent, Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, (±)-6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), β-carotene, Tween 40, linoleic acid, iron (III) chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, and phenolic standards including, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, methylparaben, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, salicylic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, and vanillin were purchased from SIGMA-ALDRICH, Co., (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid fuming 37%, pyridine, aluminum chlorure, and sodium chloride were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Acetone, n-hexane, and hexane were purchased from CABLO ERBA Reagent, S.A.S (Val de Reuil Cedex, France). Methanol and all other chemicals and solvents were of the highest commercial grade and obtained from Honeywell (St. Muskegon, MI, USA).

Erbiai E.H., Maouni A., Pinto da Silva L., Saidi R., Legssyer M., Lamrani Z, & Esteves da Silva J.C. (2023). Antioxidant Properties, Bioactive Compounds Contents, and Chemical Characterization of Two Wild Edible Mushroom Species from Morocco: Paralepista flaccida (Sowerby) Vizzini and Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke. Molecules, 28(3), 1123.

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