Invia system

The morphology of electrodes before and after cycling was investigated by a field-emission scanning electron microscope (Philips, FEG-XL30) with an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. The structure analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on Bruker D2 system with Cu K_α irradiation (λ = 1.5418 Å, tube voltage: 30 kV and tube current: 10 mA). The Raman spectra of electrolytes were taken on a Renishaw^® inVia system with a 514 nm laser and 5 × objective. The ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were collected on a Bruker Advance III 400 NMR system, and a co-axial glass tube was used to conduct the experiments with CDCl₃ (99.8 atom% D, contains 0.03% v/v TMS; J&K) as magnetic field locker. The chemical shifts were calibrated with the peak of tetramethylsilane in CDCl₃ as 0 ppm.

Raman spectra were obtained using a commercial Raman micro-spectrometer (Renishaw, InVia system) at 532 nm excitation wave number, which was focused onto the muscles using a 50× (NA = 0.75) objective for an integration time of 10 s. Cosmic ray was removed after acquiring each spectrum using the Renishaw WiRE 4.4 software. The experimental setup and its schematic illustration are shown in Figure 1.
Because the Raman microscope displays spectrum images of substances in a limited range, different substances display different Raman signals, so the carrier glass carrying tissue slices will inevitably display their own Raman signals. At this time, the glass is measured separately to display the Raman signal of the glass itself as a reference (red in Figure 2), so that the peak value of the glass and the characteristic peak value of adenomyosis can be distinguished.
We first identified the characteristic wave number range in the range of 500–3,000 cm^–1. As shown in Figure 2, the characteristic wave number is about 1,200 and 1,500 cm^–1, so we set the wave number range at 900–1,600 cm^–1 to facilitate the experiment.

UV-visible spectroscopy measurements were performed using a Shimadzu UV-2501PC spectrophotometer and Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus spectrophotometer using quartz cuvettes. Photoluminescence spectroscopy was performed using Cary Eclipse spectrophotometer and a Shimadzu RF-6000 spectrofluorometer. Raman spectra were acquired using an NT-MDT NTEGRA Spectra system with 473 nm laser excitation and Renishaw inVia system with 532 nm laser excitation. The photoluminescence background was subtracted using spine interpolation and the spectra were then normalized to the Raman mode at ~2900 cm⁻¹. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were performed with a Horiba DeltaFlex TCSPC system with excitation at 336 nm, 349 nm and 409 nm using a 6 nm bandpass. 1H NMR spectroscopy was performed on a Varian VNMRS 600 spectrometer operating at a ¹H frequency of 599.7 MHz.

Raman microscopy was carried out on a Renishaw InVia system using a 785 nm laser forming a line (not spot), 1200 l/mm grating, 5x objective lens and the WiRE acquisition software. Cylindrical cores were immobilised on a slide on the Raman microscope stage and a WiRE surface was recorded thus keeping the core in focus along its length. Illumination was through the lens (epi) where early and latewood zones could be identified. An in-focus Y-line scan was taken along the core (aligned to the X axis) with a step size of 250 microns in the X axis between sample points. Typically, 150-250 points were taken along the core. Acquisition settings were 1400 cm^-1 centre (corresponding to spectral window of 842 - 1903 cm^-1), high confocality, 2s exposure, 100% laser power, 2x accumulations. All spectra were baseline subtracted in WiRE software.
High magnification Raman line maps of cell walls at submicron intervals was carried out on a Renishaw Qontor system using a Cobolt 785 nm laser forming a spot through a Leica 100x 0.95NA objective lens. Laser power was set to 50% and a 10s prebleach step was added before each acquisition. Acquisition settings were 2 s exposure and 10x accumulations. Line maps were drawn with a step size set to 0.3 micron.

The Raman spectroscopy was measured in a Renishaw inVia system equipped with a 488-nm laser source. A panoramic diamond anvil cell was used for sealing the sample, and a metal ceramic heating ring was mounted around the diamond for heating. The pressure was calibrated by Ruby fluorescence, and the temperature was measured by touching a K-type thermal couple to the back culet of the diamond anvils. The inelastic neutron-scattering experiment was performed using the cold-neutron disk chopper spectrometer AMATERAS at J-PARC in Japan⁴⁷ . The experimental details and spectral fitting were described in previous work^{17 (link)}.