Vivid 1

A laboratory ex vivo trial (Fig. 4), where layered samples thicknesses (brain on muscle and vice versa, from a young porcine) were measured and compared with the NUD and an US imaging system (GE VIVIDI, or BK Medical, or Sonowand). The measuring set-up of this ex vivo laboratory experiment is described in Fig. 4. On the left side of Fig. 4 is placed the US imaging system (GE, type VIVIDI, where in other lab experiments, BK Medical, or Sonowand were applied); a prototype of the NUD is presented in the middle of this figure and on its right side—the mechanical system that enables the movement (sliding) of the handpiece in the x, y, and z directions.

Clinical human neurosurgical trials are presented, where we compared tumor depths, as measured with the NUD and an US imagining instrument (BK Medical or Sonowand), which are an integrated part of the operating room (OR);

Assessing tumor’s residual thickness during its resection. These measurements were performed solely with the NUD, after we obtained good correlations in stages (i) and (ii). Moreover, it was not feasible to stop resection, in order to pore NS in a restricted area, in order to obtain a good US conductivity and applying an US imaging transducer.