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Glycodeoxycholic acid

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Glycodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a naturally occurring compound found in bile.

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Lab products found in correlation

Taurodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (33 mentions) Taurocholic acid, by Merck Group (27 mentions) Deoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (22 mentions) Glycocholic acid, by Merck Group (21 mentions) Glycochenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (18 mentions) Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (18 mentions) Cholic acid, by Merck Group (15 mentions) Chenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions) Ursodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (13 mentions) Taurolithocholic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions) Glycoursodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Lithocholic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Phosphatidylcholine, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Hyodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Glycolithocholic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Porcine cholesterol esterase, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Oleic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Glycodeoxycholic (3 citations) Glycodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (2 citations)

37 protocols using glycodeoxycholic acid

1

Cholesterol Metabolism Regulation Assay

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Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM-F12), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin solution, and trypsin-ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid were purchased from Life Technologies (Eugene, OR, USA). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was obtained from Biochrom AG (Berlin, Germany). HMG-CoA reductase assay kit was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). (1α,2α(n)-3H) Cholesterol (specific activity, 49 Ci/mmol) was purchased from Perkin-Elmer (Wellesley, MA, USA). NPC1L1 antibody was bought from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). Ezetimibe was purchased from Schering-Plough Research Institute (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium bicarbonate, 1,2-di-O-lauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid 6’-methylresorufin ester, taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, and hydrazine hydrate solution were received from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemical reagents used in this study were obtained from commercial sources.
Duangjai A., Ontawong A, & Srimaroeng C. (2019). Siamese neem flower extract suppresses cholesterol absorption by interfering NPC1L1 and micellar property in vitro and in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(3), 190-200.
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2

Measurement of Digestive Enzyme Activity

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Gallic acid, rat intestinal acetone powder, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, 4-methylumbelliferone, glucose oxidase kits and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid p-nitrophenylbutylrate (p-NPB), oleic acid, phosphatidylcholine, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, porcine cholesterol esterase, porcine pancreatic lipase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cholesterol test kits were purchased from HUMAN GmbH Co. (Wiesbaden, Germany). Total bile acid kit was purchased from Bio-Quant Co. (San Diego, CA, USA). All other chemical reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
Sompong W., Muangngam N., Kongpatpharnich A., Manacharoenlarp C., Amorworasin C., Suantawee T., Thilavech T, & Adisakwattana S. (2016). The inhibitory activity of herbal medicines on the keys enzymes and steps related to carbohydrate and lipid digestion. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 439.
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3

Cecal Bile Acid Quantification

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Cecal contents (5 controls and 8 from L. paracasei treated mice) from trial 3 were used to quantify primary and secondary bile acids. Bile acids analysis was performed at Bioaster (Lyon, France). Samples were prepared from 50 to 60 mg of −80 °C frozen cecal content using aqueous methanol extraction process. Bile acids extracts were analysed by LC-MS/MS on a triple quadrupole Thermo Quantum Ultra (SN: TQU00665) combined to a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC system (SN: 8074045 & 8087183). Samples were separated on a C18 column (2,7 μM, 150 × 2,1 mm) from Ascentis Express using a methanol/water gradient containing 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0,012% formic acid. All bile acid standards: LithoCholic acid, ChenoDeoxyCholic acid, DeoxyCholic acid, UrsoDeoxyCholic acid, Cholic acid, GlycoDeoxyCholic acid, GlycoursoDeoxyCholic acid, GlyChenoDeoxyCholic acid, Glychocolic acid, TauroLithoCholic acid, TauroDeoxyCholic acid, TauroCholic acid, were bought from Sigma Aldrich. Results of bile salt quantification were expressed in peak area, corrected for sample weight.
Crouzet L., Derrien M., Cherbuy C., Plancade S., Foulon M., Chalin B., van Hylckama Vlieg J.E., Grompone G., Rigottier-Gois L, & Serror P. (2018). Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689 reduces vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus persistence and promotes Bacteroidetes resilience in the gut following antibiotic challenge. Scientific Reports, 8, 5098.
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4

Purification and Mutagenesis of Bile Salt Hydrolase

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Major bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study and their sources are listed in Table S1. Briefly, the E. coli recombinant strain JL885 containing pBSH expression vector (Table S1), constructed in our previous study19 (link), was used for purification of wild-type lsBSH in this study. The pBSH plasmid bearing original bsh gene from L. salivarius NRRL B-30514 was used as parent vector for site-directed mutagenesis. All compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), which include ampicillin, glycocholic acid (GCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA).
Xu F., Hu X.J., Singh W., Geng W., Tikhonova I.G, & Lin J. (2019). The complex structure of bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus salivarius reveals the structural basis of substrate specificity. Scientific Reports, 9, 12438.
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5

Bile Acid Analysis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Cited 2 times
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BALF samples were treated with equal volumes of Sputolysin® (Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany) and processed as described previously [16 (link),26 (link)]. Each BALF sample was analysed blinded to patient data for the presence of 12 principal bile acids compared to purified reference standards. Cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxyCholic acid (CDCA), deoxyCholic acid (DCA), lithoCholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxyCholic acid (UDCA), glycodeoxyCholic acid (GDCA), taurochenodeoxyCholic acid, (TCDCA), taurodeoxyCholic acid (TDCA), tauroCholic acid (TCA), glycoCholic acid (GCA), taurolithoCholic acid (TLCA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland) and tauroursodeoxyCholic acid (TUDCA) was purchased from Calbiochem. All chemicals used were HPLC grade.
Caparrós-Martín J.A., Flynn S., Reen F.J., Woods D.F., Agudelo-Romero P., Ranganathan S.C., Stick S.M, & O’Gara F. (2020). The Detection of Bile Acids in the Lungs of Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Associated with Altered Inflammatory Patterns. Diagnostics, 10(5), 282.
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6

Quantification of Bile Acids Metabolites

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ANIT, carbamazepine, mycophenolic acid, and reference standards for 18 BAs, including CA, glycocholic acid, TCA, CDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, TCDCA, deoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, UDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, TUDCA, LCA, glycolithocholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, glycohyodeoxycholic acid, and taurohyodeoxycholic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chromatography-grade acetonitrile was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was purified using a MilliQ water system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Chromatography-grade acetic acid, formic acid, and methanol were provided by Tedia Company (Fairfield, OH, USA).
Li Y.F., Wu J.S., Li Y.Y., Dai Y., Zheng M., Zeng J.K., Wang G.F., Wang T.M., Li W.K., Zhang X.Y., Gu M., Huang C., Yang L., Wang Z.T, & Ma Y.M. (2017). Chicken bile powder protects against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. Oncotarget, 8(57), 97137-97152.
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7

Standardized Bile Acid Analysis

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All chemicals and solvents were of the highest purity commercially available. Standard bile acids (sodium salts), including glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Three different oxgall powder samples were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Product code B3883), Oxoid (Product code LP005, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK) and BD Difco (Product code 212820, Sparks, MD, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol (HPLC grade) were supplied by Tedia (Fairfield, OH, USA). The derivatization reagents p-bromophenacylbromide and N, N-diisopropylethylamine, and the ion-pairing reagent tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Hu P.L., Yuan Y.H., Yue T.L, & Guo C.F. (2018). Bile acid patterns in commercially available oxgall powders used for the evaluation of the bile tolerance ability of potential probiotics. PLoS ONE, 13(3), e0192964.
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8

Bacterial Bile Salt Deconjugation Assay

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The selected strains were evaluated by their ability in deconjugate bile salts, as described by KMO Santos, ADS Vieira, FCA Buriti, JCF Nascimento, MES Melo, LM Bruno, MF Borges, CRC Rocha, ACS Lopes and BDGM Franco [12 (link)], using sodium salts of taurocholic acid (TC), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC), glycocholic acid (GC) and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDC) (all from Sigma–Aldrich), in two repetitions and in duplicate.
Colombo M., Castilho N.P., Todorov S.D, & Nero L.A. (2018). Beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria naturally present in dairy production. BMC Microbiology, 18, 219.
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9

Biochemical Assay for Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling

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S1P and JTE-013 (S1PR2 antagonist) were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Boston, MA). The Bio-Rad protein assay reagent, Precision Plus Protein Kaleidoscope Standards, and iQ™ SYBR® Green Supermix were obtained from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA). IRDye secondary antibody (Ab) was from LI-COR (Lincoln, NE). FuGene HD transfection Reagent was from Promega (Madision, WI). Rat type I collagen and BD Biocoat Matrigel Invasion Chambers were from BD Biosciences (Bedford, MA). Taurocholate (TCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and cell culture chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Liu R., Zhao R., Zhou X., Liang X., Campbell D.J., Zhang X., Zhang L., Shi R., Wang G., Pandak W.M., Sirica A.E., Hylemon P.B, & Zhou H. (2014). Conjugated bile acids promote cholangiocarcinoma cell invasive growth through activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 60(3), 908-918.
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10

Bile Acid Compound Procurement for Analysis

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Cholic
acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA),
chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), taurocholic
acid (TCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid
(TCDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA),
glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), 9-aminoacridine
(9AA), chloroform (CHCl3), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands).
Methanol (MeOH) was purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands).
Flinders B., Huizing L.R., van Heerden M., Cuyckens F., Neumann U.P., van der Laan L.J., Olde Damink S.W., Heeren R.M., Schaap F.G, & Vreeken R.J. (2018). Cross-Species Molecular Imaging of Bile Salts and Lipids in Liver: Identification of Molecular Structural Markers in Health and Disease. Analytical Chemistry, 90(20), 11835-11846.
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