Glucose, ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, D-Trehalose anhydrous, galactose, glycine, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, seignette salt and phenol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). κ-selenocarrageenan were purchased from Qingdao Pengyang Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China).
Galactose
Manufactured by Sinopharm
Sourced in China
Galactose is a monosaccharide sugar that is found in dairy products and is a component of the disaccharide lactose. It is used in various laboratory applications, including cell culture, biochemical assays, and metabolic studies.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mannose, by Sinopharm (9 mentions)
Arabinose, by Sinopharm (7 mentions)
Rhamnose, by Sinopharm (6 mentions)
Xylose, by Sinopharm (6 mentions)
Ethanol, by Sinopharm (4 mentions)
Sucrose, by Sinopharm (4 mentions)
Maltose, by Sinopharm (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Sinopharm (3 mentions)
Ribose, by Sinopharm (3 mentions)
Glucuronic acid, by Sinopharm (3 mentions)
Fucose, by Sinopharm (3 mentions)
Fructose, by Sinopharm (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Galacturonic acid, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Lactose, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Citric acid, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Mannitol, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
15 protocols using galactose
1
Carbohydrate and Reagent Procurement
2
Extraction and Purification of C-Phycocyanin
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C-PC used in this study was extracted from Arthrospira platensis cultured in Zarrouk’s medium in the laboratory. The cells were collected by filtration when the culture reached a concentration of OD560 = 1.5–2.0, and then dried by freeze-vacuum drying. The swelling method and ammonium sulfate precipitation were used for the extraction and purification of C-PC. Briefly, 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) was added to A. platensis biomass at a ratio of 50:1 (v/w); the mixture was set aside for 24 h for lysis of the cells by swelling at room temperature. The supernatant containing C-PC was collected by centrifugation at 5000× g for 20 min. Subsequently, an equal volume of a precooled saturated ammonium sulfate solution was added to the supernatant at 4 °C and kept for 12 h to precipitate C-PC. The collected C-PC precipitate was dissolved in doubly distilled water (ddH2O), and ammonium sulfate was removed using a cellulosic semi-permeable membrane (retained MW: 14,000). Finally, the food-grade C-PC product with a purity of A620/A280 = 1.313 was obtained and stored at −20 °C.
The analytically pure saccharides (glucose, mannose, galactose, maltose) and the sugar alcohols (mannitol and maltitol) were purchased from Sinopharm (Shanghai, China) and used as additives in evaluating the stability of C-PC.
The analytically pure saccharides (glucose, mannose, galactose, maltose) and the sugar alcohols (mannitol and maltitol) were purchased from Sinopharm (Shanghai, China) and used as additives in evaluating the stability of C-PC.
3
Lychee Polysaccharide Antioxidant Evaluation
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Fresh fruits of L. barbarum (provided by Zhongning, Ningxia, China). Polysaccharide pellet radius (R), calculated approximately 1 mm. Ethanol, sulphuric acid, phenyl hydroxide, methenyl chloride, normal butanol, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, arabinose, D-glucose, xylan, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+•), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH•), mEthanol, and pyridine were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), nitro blue tetrazolium salt (NBT), dihydronicotineamidadenine dinucleotide (NADH).
4
Comprehensive Analysis of Coffee Compounds
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The same commercial batch of medium-dark roasted Arabica coffee beans (Pacific, Shanghai, China) blended from Costa Rica, Colombia, and Indonesia were selected for coffee brewing, which were purchased from the local market in January 2020 in Beijing city. A total of 2.0 kg of coffee beans were fully mixed right before coffee preparation.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade of acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Thermo-Fisher (Waltham, MA, USA). Formic acid, quinic acid, shikimic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and oxalic acid were of HPLC grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC grade of glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, arabinose, and galactose were from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The 3-octanone standard was from TCI Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Other reagents used were of analytical grade and bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade of acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Thermo-Fisher (Waltham, MA, USA). Formic acid, quinic acid, shikimic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and oxalic acid were of HPLC grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC grade of glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, arabinose, and galactose were from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The 3-octanone standard was from TCI Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Other reagents used were of analytical grade and bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).
5
Isolation and Characterization of S. commune
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Strains of S. commune were isolated from the fruiting bodies of wild mushroom S. commune. Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco-BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, U.S.A.). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, streptomycin, carbazole, and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), D-glucuronic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Ribose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 were obtained from the Pharmacia Co. (Sweden). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
6
Ginseng Root Phytochemical Characterization
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Four-year-old roots of P. ginseng were collected from Changbai Mountain district, Jilin, China, and were authenticated by Prof. Guangshu Wang, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Distilled water was purchased from Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China); 1, phenanthroline, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrozine, vitamin C (VC), and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), hydroxylamine hydrochloride, pyridine, acetic anhydride, chloroform, n-butanol, and ethanol were from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA); DEAE (diethyl amino ethyl) cellulose was from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); Standard sugars including mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose were from Sino-pharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); T-series Dextran standards including T-10, T-40, T-70, T-100, and T-500 kDa were from the National Institutes of Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). All of the reagents used in this study were of the highest quality available from commercial vendors and were of analytical grade.
Distilled water was purchased from Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China); 1, phenanthroline, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrozine, vitamin C (VC), and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), hydroxylamine hydrochloride, pyridine, acetic anhydride, chloroform, n-butanol, and ethanol were from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA); DEAE (diethyl amino ethyl) cellulose was from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); Standard sugars including mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose were from Sino-pharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); T-series Dextran standards including T-10, T-40, T-70, T-100, and T-500 kDa were from the National Institutes of Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). All of the reagents used in this study were of the highest quality available from commercial vendors and were of analytical grade.
7
Extraction and Characterization of Pyropia yezoensis Biomolecules
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Pyropia yezoensis was obtained from Seaweed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (Mokpo, South Korea). The triglycerides (TG) assay kit and total protein (TP) assay kit were provided by Shenzhen Icubio Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). TRIzol reagent was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). TransScript All-in-One First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Supermix for qPCR, and TransStart Top Green qPCR SuperMix were purchased from TransGen Biotech (Beijing, China). Mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from BBI Life Sciences (Shanghai, China). Minimum essential medium (MEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NE, USA). Penicillin-streptomycin solution (100×) was obtained from Biosharp Life Sciences (Anhui, China). Dextran standards were purchased from China Pharmaceutical Biological Products Analysis Institute (Beijing, China). Palmitic acid (PA) was provided by Kunchuang Biotechnology (Xi’an, China). All other chemical reagents used were of analytical grade.
8
Sesquiterpenes Synthesis in Yeast
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Prime STAR GXL DNA Polymerase (TaKaRa, Kyoto, Japan) and Phusion High‐Fidelity polymerase (New England Biolabs, NEB; Ipswich, MA) were used for fragments amplification. Purification was performed using the Hipure Gel Pure DNA Mini Kit (Magen, Guangzhou, China). The polymerase chain reaction primers were synthesized by GeneCreate. Sesquiterpenes synthases genes were codon‐optimized for S. cerevisiae and synthesized by GeneScript (GenScript USA Inc., Piscataway, NJ). Enzymes for Goldengate were purchased from New England Biolabs. Yeast extracts and tryptone used for preparing Luria–Bertani medium were purchased from Oxoid (Hampshire, England, UK). Yeast extracts and tryptone used for YPD (2% tryptone, 1% yeast extract, and 2% glucose) and YPDHG medium (2% tryptone, 1% yeast extract, and 1% glucose, 1% galactose) were purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd (Hubei, China). Salts, glucose, and galactose were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).
9
Membrane Materials and Reagents for Electrochemical Experiments
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The hydrophobic porous polyethylene (PE) membrane was purchased from Entek International LLC and the hydrophilic flat (pore-free) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane was purchased from Membrane solutions. Sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, phenolphthalein, chloroauric acid, sodium chloride, lactic acid, galactose, glucose, ascorbic acid and acetaminophen were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent. All reagents are analytical grade. Nafion perfluorinated resin solution (5 wt% in lower aliphatic alcohols and water, contained 15–20% water) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The high purity platinum target material (99.95%) was purchased from Shijiazhuang Dongming New Material Technology Co., Ltd. All of our experiments used deionized water. All reagents are used as received reagents without further purification.
10
DNA Oligonucleotide Synthesis and Purification
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DNA oligonucleotides were synthesized and
purified by Shanghai BiOligo Biotech (Table 3 ). glucose oxidase (Aspergillus
niger), horseradish peroxidase (Type VI-A), HEPES
sodium salt, tris-buffered saline (pH 8.0), tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine
hydrochloride (TCEP), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic
acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. SPDP and
TMB substrate were purchased from Thermo scientific. 13C6-d -glucose was purchased from Cambridge Isotope
Laboratories, Inc. Galactose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, mannose,
and glucose were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd.
All the buffer solutions were prepared with Milli-Q
water from
a Millipore system (18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C) and stored
at 4 °C in dark. The immobilization buffer (pH 7.4) contained
10 mM Tris, 1 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA. The hybridization buffer (pH 7.4)
contained 10 mM phosphate buffer and 1 M NaCl. The washing buffer
(pH 7.4) contained 10 mM phosphate buffer and 10 mM NaCl. The TBE
buffer (pH 8.2) contained 89 mM Tris, 89 mM boric acid, and 10 mM
EDTA. The TBS buffer (pH 8.0) contained 50 mM Tris, 138 mM NaCl, and
2.7 mM MgCl.
purified by Shanghai BiOligo Biotech (
niger), horseradish peroxidase (Type VI-A), HEPES
sodium salt, tris-buffered saline (pH 8.0), tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine
hydrochloride (TCEP), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic
acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. SPDP and
TMB substrate were purchased from Thermo scientific. 13C6-
Laboratories, Inc. Galactose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, mannose,
and glucose were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd.
All the buffer solutions were prepared with Milli-Q
water from
a Millipore system (18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C) and stored
at 4 °C in dark. The immobilization buffer (pH 7.4) contained
10 mM Tris, 1 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA. The hybridization buffer (pH 7.4)
contained 10 mM phosphate buffer and 1 M NaCl. The washing buffer
(pH 7.4) contained 10 mM phosphate buffer and 10 mM NaCl. The TBE
buffer (pH 8.2) contained 89 mM Tris, 89 mM boric acid, and 10 mM
EDTA. The TBS buffer (pH 8.0) contained 50 mM Tris, 138 mM NaCl, and
2.7 mM MgCl.
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