Gsi 61

Manufactured by Grason-Stadler

Sourced in United States, Denmark

The GSI 61 is a diagnostic instrument designed for audiometric testing. It is capable of performing a variety of audiological assessments, including pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and immittance testing. The GSI 61 provides clinicians with the necessary tools to evaluate hearing function and aid in the diagnosis of hearing-related disorders.

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Lab products found in correlation

Tympstar, by Grason-Stadler (3 mentions) Gsi tympstar, by Grason-Stadler (2 mentions) Cooledit 2, by Adobe (1 mentions) Gsi 61 clinical audiometer, by Grason-Stadler (1 mentions) Otoscope, by Hill-Rom (1 mentions) Gsi audera, by Grason-Stadler (1 mentions) Hd 201, by Sennheiser (1 mentions) Hda 200 circumaural headphones, by Sennheiser (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

GSI 61 audiometer (23 citations) GSI 61 Clinical Audiometer (13 citations) Model GSI 61 (4 citations) GSI 61 two-channel diagnostic audiometer (2 citations) GSI 61 2-channel audiometer (2 citations)

36 protocols using gsi 61

Auditory Temporal Ordering Skill Assessment

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PPST [31 (link)]: this test was applied in the GSI 61, Grason-Stadler audiometer, using 50dB above the tritonal average, in a Vibrasom acoustic cabin. It was used to evaluate the auditory temporal ordering skill.
This test consists of 30 trials with three tones of frequency, of which two are equal and one differs from the others concerning the frequency. This test presents sharp frequencies stimuli of 1122 Hz and bass frequencies of 880 Hz and duration of 150 ms. Inter-stimulus interval were of 2000 milliseconds. Within the sequence presented, children were advised to say “thin” whenever the stimulus heard was sharp and “thick” whenever a bass sound was heard. In the end of the test, the correct answers were counted; each item corresponded to 3,3, considering the number of trials (total of 30 hits). All points were recorded in the answer-sheet. Normality standard values of PPST consist of 70% of hits [32 ].

Pires M.M, & Schochat E. (2019). The effectiveness of an auditory temporal training program in children who present voiceless/voiced-based orthographic errors. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0216782.

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Comprehensive Audiological Assessment in Research

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All participants underwent pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, and speech-in-noise perception tests. Air and bone conduction thresholds were measured with a clinical pure-tone audiometer (GSI 61; Grason-Stadler, Eden Prairie, MN, USA). We calculated the PTAs at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz for each ear. We measured the speech reception threshold, speech discrimination score, and most comfortable loudness level for each ear. Speech-in-noise perception was measured via sentence recognition tests with speech-spectrum and multi-talker babble background noise at a signal-to-noise ratio of -5 dB. The means or medians of the binaural average of the pure-tone audiometric thresholds at each frequency are shown in pure-tone audiograms for each group (Fig 1).

Lee S.J., Kim H., Kim L.S., Kim J.H, & Park K.W. (2019). Effects of frontal-executive dysfunction on self-perceived hearing handicap in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. PLoS ONE, 14(3), e0210014.

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Audiometric Assessment of Hearing Levels

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Hearing levels were measured using a pure tone audiometer (Grason-Stadler GSI 61, USA) in a soundproof room with background noise lower than 18 dB. The audiometric thresholds for air and bone conduction were recorded at frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz. The pure-tone average (PTA) of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz was used to evaluate the hearing level of the affected ear.

Wang P., Zhu H., Lu W., Song Q., Chen Z., Wu Y., Wang H., Yu D., Ye H., Shi H, & Yin S. (2019). Subcellular Abnormalities of Vestibular Nerve Morphology in Patients With Intractable Meniere's Disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 948.

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Comprehensive Audiometric Assessment Protocol

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Pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and tympanometry tests were applied to all participants. Air- and bone-conduction thresholds were measured with a clinical pure-tone audiometer (GSI 61; Grason-Stadler, Eden Prairie, MN, USA). The PTA was calculated as the average of the values at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz for each ear. The speech reception threshold, speech discrimination score, and most-comfortable loudness level were determined for each ear. Tympanometry was conducted to assess the status of the middle ear with a clinical impedance audiometer (TYMSTAR; Grason-Stadler, Eden Prairie, MN, USA). The audiometric test results are presented in Table 2.

Lee S.J., Park K.W., Kim L.S, & Kim H. (2018). Association between Frontal-Executive Dysfunction and Speech-in-Noise Perception Deficits in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea), 14(4), 513-522.

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CNC Word Recognition in CI Listeners

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Word recognition in the CI ear was evaluated using the CNC words test. Subjects were seated 1 m away from the sound source in a double-walled soundbooth. Recorded materials were presented at 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL). Audibility at the acoustic-hearing ear was restricted by presenting speech-shaped noise, with a constant spectrum level from 250 to 1000 Hz and a 12-dB/octave roll-off from 1000 to 6000 Hz (GSI 61, Grason-Stadler Inc., MN, USA). This noise was presented at 30 to 40 dB sensation level using an insert earphone; a circumaural earphone was placed over the ear for additional attenuation. Subjects listened with an HA in the ear to be implanted at the preoperative interval and with the CI at the post-activation intervals. Performance was calculated as the percent of correctly repeated words (50 words per list).

Dillon M.T., Buss E., Rooth M.A., King E.R., McCarthy S.A., Bucker A.L., Deres E.J., Richter M.E., Thompson N.J., Canfarotta M.W., O’Connell B.P., Pillsbury H.C, & Brown K.D. (2020). Cochlear Implantation in Cases of Asymmetric Hearing Loss: Subjective Benefit, Word Recognition, and Spatial Hearing. Trends in Hearing, 24, 2331216520945524.

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Speech Threshold and Understanding Measurement

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All measurements took place in a double-walled sound attenuating chamber (6.0 × 4.1 × 2.2 m) with an almost frequency independent average reverberation time of 0.14 s. Speech in quiet and sound field thresholds measurements were measured with a clinical audiometer (GSI61; Grason-Stadler, Mildford, NH, USA) using an active loudspeaker (Type 1030A, Genelec, Iisalmi, Finland) placed 1 m in front of the listener. For speech understanding in noise, an Audiobox amplifier (Merz Medizintechnik, Reutlingen, Germany) and a Control 1 Pro loudspeaker (JBL Ins., CA, USA) positioned at a distance of 1 m from the listener was used.

Kurz A., Flynn M., Caversaccio M, & Kompis M. (2014). Speech Understanding with a New Implant Technology: A Comparative Study with a New Nonskin Penetrating Baha System. BioMed Research International, 2014, 416205.

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Audio Stimulus Generation and Presentation

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To generate the filtered stimuli, an audio program (Cooledit 2.0, Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA) was used. The stimuli were routed to an audiometer (GSI61; Grason-Stadler, Eden Prairie, MN, USA) and presented to the participant's right ear through a headphone (TDH-50P; Telephonics Corporation, Farmingdale, NY, USA).

Jin I.K., Lee J., Lee K., Kim J., Kim D., Sohn J, & Lee K.J. (2016). The Band-Importance Function for the Korean Standard Sentence Lists for Adults. Journal of Audiology & Otology, 20(2), 80-84.

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Measuring Hearing Thresholds with Pure Tone Audiometry

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A pure tone audiometer (GSI 61™; Grason-Stadler, Inc.) was used for pure tone audiometry. The average air conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz were obtained from the result of the auditory threshold. In addition, disease was classified based on the following classes from the result of pure tone audiometry (25 (link)): i) Class 1, pure tone average (PTA) <25 decibels hearing level (dBHL); ii) Class 2, PTA=26-40 dBHL; iii) Class 3, PTA=41-70 dBHL; and iv) Class 4, PTA >70 dBHL.

Zhang S., Gong Y., Liang Y., Wang B., Gao W, & Xu Q. (2021). Cyclophosphamide inhibits the progression of Meniere's disease by reducing the generation of circulating immune complex. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22(4), 1177.

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Hearing Threshold Measurement Protocol

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Pure-tone thresholds in decibel (dB) hearing level (HL) were measured with a calibrated clinical audiometer (GSI 61, Grason-Stadler, USA). The following frequencies: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz were assessed in each ear separately. None of the participants had been diagnosed with hearing loss by an audiologist. Audiograms are provided in Fig 2. The peripheral hearing was operationalized as the pure tone average threshold (PTA) at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz of the better ear (better ear PTA4). According to this measure, 13 participants met the criterion for normal hearing (better ear PTA4 < 20 dB; mean = 13.46 ± 4.02, range: 5.00–18.75), and 15 participants met the criterion for mild hearing loss (better ear PTA4 between 20 and 49 dB; mean = 31.33 ± 6.11, range: 21.25–40.00) [31 (link), 32 (link)]. Examining the PTA4 for each ear, 19 participants have hearing thresholds corresponding to the hearing loss criterion in at least one ear.
Line graphs present an overview of participants’ hearing thresholds for the right ear (right panel) and the left ear (left panel). Each light gray line represents one participant. The black line represents the average thresholds of all participants.

Perron M., Lau B, & Alain C. (2023). Interindividual variability in the benefits of personal sound amplification products on speech perception in noise: A randomized cross-over clinical trial. PLOS ONE, 18(7), e0288434.

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Binaural Beats Experiment Protocol

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Pure tones of 420 Hz and 460 Hz presented to the left and right ear, respectively, were perceived as a 40-Hz BB with a 440 Hz fundamental tone. Pure tones of 431.85 Hz and 448.15 Hz were used to produce the 16-Hz BB with the same fundamental tone. Sound files of 15 min duration were created with Matlab and presented continuously in the background during the RSVP experiment. The sound intensity was set to 60 dB sound-pressure level, equivalent to 48 dB normal hearing level. The sound intensity was controlled by a clinical audiometer (GSI 61, Grason-Stadler, Eden Prairie, MN), and the sounds were presented with insert phones (EAR 3 A, Etymotic Research, Elk Grove Village, IL). The experiments were performed in a soundproof booth.

Ross B, & Lopez M.D. (2020). 40-Hz Binaural beats enhance training to mitigate the attentional blink. Scientific Reports, 10, 7002.

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