Magnetite

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

Magnetite is a naturally occurring iron oxide mineral with the chemical formula Fe3O4. It is a ferromagnetic material, meaning it can be magnetized and used in various applications that involve magnetic properties. Magnetite has a high magnetic susceptibility and can be used in various laboratory equipment and instrumentation.

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5 protocols using magnetite

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Ionic Liquid Composites

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ATL (>98%), whose structure is shown in Figure 1, magnetite (97%, nanopowder 50–100 nm), titanium (IV) oxide (>99.5% P25 degussa, nanopowder), silver chloride (99%), toluene (≥99.5%), sulfuric acid (72%), acetic acid (99%), hydrogen peroxide (30% in H₂O), acetone (≥99.5%), and ammonia (25%) were obtained from Merck / Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Ethanol (99.8%) and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Panreac, and mEthanol (99.9%, HPLC) was supplied by Scharlau (Barcelona, España). [P_6,6,6,14]Cl, was obtained from CYTEC industries (Woodland Park, New Jersey, United States) under the trade name CYPHOS IL 101 (97.7%); Figure 2. The IL was dried at 70 °C under high vacuum (absolute pressure < 1 Pa) for 24 h and then stored under inert atmosphere. The water content (<2000 ppm) was measured by titration using a Metrohm 737 Karl Fischer coulometer. IL final purity was checked by ¹H and ¹³C NMR analyses (Figure S1).

Corchero R., Rodil R., Soto A, & Rodil E. (2021). Nanomaterial Synthesis in Ionic Liquids and Their Use on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Pollutants. Nanomaterials, 11(2), 411.

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Chitosan-Magnetite Nanocomposite Synthesis

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Food-grade chitosan with a 90% degree of deacetylation was purchased from América Alimentos (Zapopan, México). Magnetite was purchased as Fe₃O₄ nanopowder with 50–100 nm particle size (determined by the manufacturer by SEM) from Sigma-Aldrich (Guangzhou, China) and was used as received. Acetic acid and sodium hydroxide were obtained from Fermont (Monterrey, México). Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, ascorbic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid were purchased from Golden Bell (Zapopan, Mexico). Potassium antimony(III) tartrate hydrate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India). Dibasic sodium arsenate heptahydrate was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Verduzco-Navarro I.P., Mendizábal E., Rivera Mayorga J.A., Rentería-Urquiza M., Gonzalez-Alvarez A, & Rios-Donato N. (2022). Arsenate Removal from Aqueous Media Using Chitosan-Magnetite Hydrogel by Batch and Fixed-Bed Columns. Gels, 8(3), 186.

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Synthesis of Magnetic Polymer Sorbents

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All chemicals used for magnetic sorbent synthesis were analytical grade products and were used as received. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), diethylenetriamine (deta), 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), cyclohexanol, and 1-tetradecanol were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Magnetite (nanopowder with particle size 50 nm, ≥98% trace metals basis) and APTMS were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP, Kollidone 90) was purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Toluene, methanol, and ethanol were obtained from Zorka Pharma (Šabac, Serbia). Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇, p.a. purity) was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water was used for the preparation of the solution.

Suručić L., Janjić G., Marković B., Tadić T., Vuković Z., Nastasović A, & Onjia A. (2023). Speciation of Hexavalent Chromium in Aqueous Solutions Using a Magnetic Silica-Coated Amino-Modified Glycidyl Methacrylate Polymer Nanocomposite. Materials, 16(6), 2233.

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Arsenic Sorption Mechanism Analysis

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The mechanism of As(V) sorption on RM-BC was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES). For reference XANES spectra, all minerals (hematite, goethite, magnetite and gibbsite) were purchased from Sigma. Approximately 4 g•L -1 of each mineral was applied to 30 mL of As(V) solution (10 mg•L -1 ) for 24 h using 0.01 mol•L -1 NaCl to maintain ionic strength. After sorption, the suspension was centrifuged, washed twice with 0.01 mol•L -1 NaCl at pH 5.5, then washed with Ultrapure Water and subsequently freeze-dried (Fan et al., 2014) . X-ray absorption data were recorded at beamline BL14W at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) with a Si(1 1 1) double crystal monochromator.
The synchrotron was operated at 3.5 GeV and beam current around 150 -210 mA (Guo et al., 2011) . Data processing was performed using Athena IFEFFIT package and SixPack. Principal component analysis (PCA), target transformation (TT), and linear combination fitting (LCF) of XANES data were used to quantitatively determine As species.

Wu C., Huang L., Xue S.G., Huang Y.Y., Hartley W., Cui M.Q., Wong M.H, & Wong M.H. (2017). Arsenic sorption by red mud-modified biochar produced from rice straw. Environmental science and pollution research international, 24(22).

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Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production

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AR18 (C20H11N2Na3O10S3, 80%) was obtained as powder from a Tunisian food factory and was used without further purification. Magnetite (Fe3O4, 97%), hematite (Fe2O3, 98%) nano-powders and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99%) were used as catalyst and supporting electrolyte respectively and were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. DMSO (C2H6OS, 99,7%) and sodium methanesulfonate (CH3NaO3S,99%) were purchased form Sigma Aldrich as well. Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3, 98,5%) and analytical grade of sulfuric acid were used as a titrant for hydrogen peroxide quantification and pH adjustment respectively, both were purchased from Acros Organics. 1,10 phenantroline, used for the colorimetric determination of Fe ions was purchased from Alfa Aesar. All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water and all the other chemicals used for analysis were purchased from Acros and Sigma Aldrich.

Ben Hafaiedh N., Fourcade F., Bellakhal N, & Amrane A. (2020). Iron oxide nanoparticles as heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalysts for the removal of AR18 azo dye. Environmental technology, 41(16).

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