Cell-free DNA [12 (link)] (cfDNA) was extracted from plasma samples using QIAmp® Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (QIAGEN, Les Ulis, France) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and resuspended into 50 μL of elution buffer.
The DNA quantity has been measured by Qubit® 2.0 Fluorometer (Qubit® dsDNA BR Assay kit for DNA from cell lines and HS Assay kit for cfDNA—Life Technologies-Thermo Fisher Scientific, Saint Aubin, France) [32 (link)].
All DNA used in the study were kept at -20°C before use.
Genomic wild-type and mutated DNA were fragmented with S220 Focused-Ultrasonicator sonicator (Covaris, Woburn, MA) to mean sizes of 600–800 base-pairs (bp). DNA sizes have been verified by LabChip® GX/GXII Microfluidic system (Perkin-Elmer, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France) using DNA assay 5K reagent kit (Perkin-Elmer, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France).