performed using a WaveDriver 200 and WaveVortex (Pine Instruments,
Durham, NC) with the chronoamperometry technique (induction at 0 mV
for 3 s, step potential at −1.5 V for 300 s, and relaxation
at 0 mV for 1 s). The emulsion was prepared using a Q500 ultrasonic
processor (Qsonica, Newtown, CT) with a 1/4 in. microtip probe. A
Thermo Evolution 350 UV–vis spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Waltham, MA) was used to quantify the metal salt leakage from the
aqueous emulsion phase to the continuous DCE phase. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) images and EDX spectra were acquired using a Nanoscience
Phenom Pro instrument (Nanoscience, Phoenix, AZ). ICP–MS data
were collected using a Nexion 350D (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA).