Hy 15979

C57BL/6 male mice (8‐week‐old) were provided by the Animal Model Institute of Nanjing University. The animals were housed at a temperature of 20–25°C, humidity of 45%–60%, and regular alternation of light and darkness (12 h/12 h). Mice were randomly divided into six groups: sham operation group (sham group), Sham+MRS1523 (ADORA3 antagonist) group, BCAS+Vehicle group, BCAS+MRS1523 group, BCAS+H‐89 (cAMP/PKA pathway inhibitor) group, and BCAS+MRS1523+H‐89 (inhibitor of cyclic AMP‐dependent PKA) group. The sham group and BCAS+Vehicle group were all injected intraperitoneally with solvent [DMSO(10%), PEG300(40%), 5% Tween‐80(5%), and saline(45%)] 0.2 mL. The Sham+MRS1523 and BCAS+MRS1523 group was injected intraperitoneally with MRS1523 (MedChemExpress, HY‐1211119, 1 mg/kg). The BCAS+H‐89 group was intraperitoneally injected with H‐89 (MedChemExpress, HY‐15979, 2 mg/kg). The BCAS+MRS1523+H‐89 group was intraperitoneally injected with MRS1523 (1 mg/kg) and H‐89 (MedChemExpress, HY‐15979, 2 mg/kg). The doses of ADORA3 antagonist and H‐89 used in mice were referenced from previous literature.
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²³ (link) All procedures were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (2023AE01011).

In vitro, each group repeated independently for 3 times (n = 3). And all experimental groups received 6 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation and 18 h of reoxygenation (29 (link)). CGS-21680 (A2aR specific agonist, 30μM, Tocris Bioscience, 1036) and dbcAMP (selective PKA activator, 5μM, MedChemExpress, HY-B0764) were added 1 h before reoxygenation. H89 (the PKA selective inhibitor, 10 μM, MedChemExpress, HY-15979) was used 5 min before CGS21680. To verify the effect of autophagy on cell survival, autophagy agonist Rapamycin (100 nM, MedChemExpress, HY-10219) and antagonist 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, 10 mM, MedChemExpress, HY-19312) were used 1 h before reoxygenation (38 (link), 39 (link)).
In vivo study, 36 adult male rats were randomized into six groups (n = 6): Sham group, IR group (30 min LAD occlusion and 120 min reperfusion, 1% DMSO in 1 ml saline, iv), IR+CGS21680 group (30 μg/kg 5min before reperfusion and 30 μg/(kg·min) for 1 h, i.v.), and IR+ZM241385 group (A2aR antagonist, 0.2 mg/kg 5 min before reperfusion, i.v.), IR+dbcAMP group (5 mg/kg, 5 min before reperfusion, i.v.) (40 (link)), and IR+CGS21680+H89 group (20 mg/kg, 5 min before CGS21680, i.v.) (41 (link)).